Information about Glaucophyta
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The glaucophytes, also referred to as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a tiny group of freshwater algae. They are distinguished mainly by the presence of cyanelles, primitive chloroplasts which closely resemble cyanobacteria and retain a thin peptidoglycan wall between their two membranes.
It is thought that the green algae (from which the higher plants evolved), red algae and glaucophytes acquired their chloroplasts from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. The other types of algae received their chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis, by engulfing one of those types of algae along with their chloroplasts.
The glaucophytes are of obvious interest to biologists studying the development of chloroplasts: if the hypothesis that primary chloroplasts had a single origin is correct, glaucophytes are closely related to both green plants and red algae, and may be similar to the original alga type from which all of these developed.
The chloroplasts of glaucophytes, like the cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of red algae, use phycobiliproteins to capture some wavelengths of light; the green algae and higher plants have lost that pigment.
Glaucophytes have mitochondria with flat cristae, and undergo open mitosis without centrioles. Motile forms have two unequal flagella, which may have fine hairs and are anchored by a multilayered system of microtubules, both of which are similar to forms found in some green algae.
The three main genera included are:
- Glaucocystis is non-motile, though it retains very short vestigial flagella, and has a cellulose wall.
- Cyanophora is motile and lacks a cell wall.
- Gloeochaete has both motile and non-motile stages, and has a cell wall that does not appear to be composed of cellulose.
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Archaeplastida
Adl et al. 2005
Phyla
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Adl et al. 2005
Phyla
- Viridiplantae/Plantae
- Chlorophyta
- Charophyta
- Embryophyta
- Rhodophyta
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phytoplankton — provide the food base for most marine food chains. In very high densities (so-called algal blooms) these algae may discolor the water and outcompete or poison other life forms.
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Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars, the raw material for energy and biomass production in all green plants
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Cyanobacteria
Orders
The taxonomy is currently under revision.[1]
Cyanobacteria (Greek: κυανόs (kyanós) = blue + bacterium) also known as Cyanophyta
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Orders
The taxonomy is currently under revision.[1]
Cyanobacteria (Greek: κυανόs (kyanós) = blue + bacterium) also known as Cyanophyta
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Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic
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Green algae are microscopic protists; found in all aquatic environments, including marine, freshwater and brackish water.
The green algae (singular: green alga) are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged.
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The green algae (singular: green alga) are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes (higher plants) emerged.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
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Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
- Chlorophyta
- Charophyta
- Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
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Rhodophyta
Wettstein, 1922
Possible classes
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Wettstein, 1922
Possible classes
- Florideophyceae
- Bangiophyceae
- Cyanidiophyceae
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The endosymbiotic theory concerns the origins of mitochondria and plastids (e.g. chloroplasts), which are organelles of eukaryotic cells. According to this theory, these organelles originated as separate prokaryotic organisms which were taken inside the cell as endosymbionts.
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Cyanobacteria
Orders
The taxonomy is currently under revision.[1]
Cyanobacteria (Greek: κυανόs (kyanós) = blue + bacterium) also known as Cyanophyta
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Orders
The taxonomy is currently under revision.[1]
Cyanobacteria (Greek: κυανόs (kyanós) = blue + bacterium) also known as Cyanophyta
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Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble proteins present in cyanobacteria and certain algae (rhodophytes, cryptomonads, glaucocystophytes) that capture light energy which is then passed on to chlorophylls during photosynthesis.
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A centriole is a barrel shaped organelle[1] found in most eukaryotic cells, though absent in higher plants and fungi.[2] The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules.
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For the insect anatomical structure, see .
A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a long, slender projection from the cell body, composed of microtubules and surrounded by the plasma membrane...... Click the link for more information.
Microtubules are one of the components of the cytoskeleton. They have diameter of ~ 24 nm and length varying from several micrometers to possibly millimeters in axons of nerve cells.
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genus (plural: genera) is part of the Latinized name for an organism. It is a name which reflects the classification of the organism by grouping it with other closely similar organisms.
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vestigiality is a term which describes homologous characters of organisms which have lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution. These may take various forms such as anatomical structures, behaviors and biochemical pathways.
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Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n. It is a structural polysaccharide derived from beta-glucose.[1][2] Cellulose is the primary structural component of green plants.
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