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Information about Gentiana Patula

Gentian
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Gentiana verna

Gentiana verna
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Gentianales
Family:Gentianaceae
Genus:Gentiana L.
Species


See text.


For the cultivated flower known as a Gentian or Tulip Gentian see Eustoma. For the saint of this name, see Victoricus, Fuscian, and Gentian.
Gentiana is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Gentian family (Gentianaceae), tribe Gentianeae and monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. This a large genus, with about 400 species.

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Gentiana frigida
This is a cosmopolitan genus, occurring in alpine habitats of temperate regions of Asia, Europe and the Americas. Some species also occur in northwest Africa, eastern Australia and New Zealand. They consist of annual, biennial and perennial plants. Some are evergreen, others are not.

Their leaves are arranged in an opposite way. Most of them belong to a basal rosette. Gentians have trumpet-shaped flowers which are usually deep blue or azure, but may vary from white, creamy and yellow to red. Blue-flowered species predominate in the Northern Hemisphere, and red in the Andes; white-flowered species are scattered but dominate in New Zealand. These terminal tubular flowers are mostly pentamerous, i.e. with 5 corolla lobes (petals), and 5 sepals, but 4-7 in some species. The style is rather short or absent. The corolla shows folds (= plicae) between the lobes. The ovary is mostly sessile and has nectary glands.

Gentians are fully hardy and like full sun or partial shade, and neutral to acid soil that is rich in humus and well drained. They are popular in rock gardens.

According to Pliny the Elder, Gentian is an eponym of Gentius (180-168 BC), the King of Illyria, said to have discovered its healing properties. Some species are of medicinal use and their roots were harvested for the manufacture of tonic liquor, for instance in France "Suze" or similar liquors. Gentian is also used as a flavouring, for example in bitters, and the soft drink "Moxie" which contains "Gentian Root Extractives".

Species

  • Gentiana acaulis ('Stemless Gentian')
  • Gentiana affinis ('Pleated Gentian')
  • Gentiana alba ('Plain Gentian')
  • Gentiana algida ('Whitish Gentian')
  • Gentiana alpina ('Alpine Gentian')
  • Gentiana altaica ('Altai Gentian')
  • Gentiana amoena
  • Gentiana andrewsii ('Closed bottle Gentian')
  • Gentiana angustifolia
  • Gentiana asclepiadea ('Willow Gentian')
  • Gentiana austromontana ('Appalachian Gentian')
  • Gentiana autumnalis ('Pinebarren Gentian')
  • Gentiana bavarica ('Bavarian Gentian')
  • Gentiana bellidifolia
  • Gentiana boryi
  • Gentiana brachyphylla
  • Gentiana bulleyana
  • Gentiana burseri
  • Gentiana cachemirica
  • Gentiana calycosa ('Rainier Pleated Gentian')
  • Gentiana catesbaei ('Elliott's Gentian')
  • Gentiana cephalantha
  • Gentiana cerina
  • Gentiana clausa ('Bottled Gentian')
  • Gentiana clusii ('Trumpet Gentian')
  • Gentiana crassicaulis
  • Gentiana crinita ('Fringed Gentian')
  • Gentiana cruciata ('Cross Gentian')
  • Gentiana dahurica
  • Gentiana decora ('Showy Gentian')
  • Gentiana decumbens
  • Gentiana dendrologii
  • Gentiana depressa
  • Gentiana dinarica
  • Gentiana douglasiana ('Swamp Gentian')
  • Gentiana elwesii
  • Gentiana farreri
  • Gentiana fetisowii
  • Gentiana flavida ('Pale Gentian')
  • Gentiana freyniana
  • Gentiana frigida
  • Gentiana froelichii
  • Gentiana fremontii ('Moss Gentian')
  • Gentiana gelida
  • Gentiana gilvo-striata
  • Gentiana glauca ('Pale Gentian')
  • Gentiana gracilipes
  • Gentiana grombczewskii
  • Gentiana heterosepala ('Autumn Gentian')
  • Gentiana hexaphylla
  • Gentiana kesselringii
  • Gentiana kurroo
  • Gentiana lawrencii
  • Gentiana lhassica
  • Gentiana linearis ('Narrowleaf Gentian')
  • Gentiana loderi
  • Gentiana lutea ('Great Yellow Gentian')
  • Gentiana macrophylla ('Bigleaf Gentian')
  • Gentiana makinoi
  • Gentiana microdonta
  • Gentiana newberryi ('Newberry's Gentian')
  • Gentiana nipponica
  • Gentiana nivalis ('Snow Gentian')
  • Gentiana nubigena
  • Gentiana nutans ('Tundra Gentian')
  • Gentiana ochroleuca
  • Gentiana olivieri
  • Gentiana ornata
  • Gentiana pannonica ('Brown Gentian')
  • Gentiana paradoxa
  • Gentiana parryi ('Parry's Gentian')
  • Gentiana patula
  • Gentiana pennelliana ('Wiregrass Gentian')
  • Gentiana phyllocalyx
  • Gentiana platypetala ('Broadpetal Gentian')
  • Gentiana plurisetosa ('Bristly Gentian')
  • Gentiana pneumonanthe ('Marsh Gentian')
  • Gentiana prolata
  • Gentiana prostrata ('Pygmy Gentian')
  • Gentiana przewalskii
  • Gentiana pterocalyx
  • Gentiana puberulenta ('Downy Gentian')
  • Gentiana pumila
  • Gentiana punctata ('Spotted Gentian')
  • Gentiana purpurea ('Purple Gentian')
  • Gentiana pyrenaica
  • Gentiana quadrifolia
  • Gentiana rigescens
  • Gentiana rostanii
  • Gentiana rubricaulis ('Closed Gentian')
  • Gentiana saponaria ('Harvestbells Gentian')
  • Gentiana saxosa
  • Gentiana scabra
  • Gentiana scarlatina
  • Gentiana sceptrum ('King's scepter Gentian')
  • Gentiana septemfida ('Crested Gentian')
  • Gentiana setigera ('Mendocino Gentian')
  • Gentiana setulifolia
  • Gentiana sikkimensis
  • Gentiana sikokiana
  • Gentiana sino-ornata
  • Gentiana siphonantha
  • Gentiana speciosa
  • Gentiana squarrosa
  • Gentiana stictantha
  • Gentiana stragulata
  • Gentiana straminea
  • Gentiana tenuifolia
  • Gentiana terglouensis ('Triglav Gentian')
  • Gentiana ternifolia
  • Gentiana tianshanica ('Tienshan Gentian')
  • Gentiana trichotoma
  • Gentiana triflora
  • Gentiana trinervis
  • Gentiana tubiflora
  • Gentiana utriculosa ('Bladder Gentian')
  • Gentiana veitchiorum
  • Gentiana venusta
  • Gentiana verna ('Spring Gentian')
  • Gentiana villosa ('Striped Gentian')
  • Gentiana waltonii
  • Gentiana wutaiensis
  • Gentiana yakushimensis
  • Gentiana zollingeri
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Northern Gentian (Gentiana amarella)
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Closed Bottle Gentian (Gentiana andrewsii)
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Rainier Pleated Gentian (Gentiana calycosa)
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Great Yellow Gentian (Gentiana lutea)
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Marsh Gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe)
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Milkweed Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea)
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Bottle Gentian (Gentiana clausa)
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Rainier Pleated Gentian (Gentiana calycosa)
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Parry's Gentian (Gentiana parryi)
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Crested Gentian (Gentiana septemfida)
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Spring Gentian (Gentiana verna)

References

Gentian in Culture

Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]

Divisions

Green algae
  • Chlorophyta
  • Charophyta
Land plants (embryophytes)
  • Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)

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Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Magnoliopsida

Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classification system being
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Gentianales
Lindley

Families

Gentianaceae (gentian family)
Apocynaceae (dogbane family)
Gelsemiaceae
Loganiaceae (logania family)
Rubiaceae (coffee family)

Gentianales
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Gentianaceae

Genera

Many, see text

Gentianaceae, or the Gentian family, is a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. [1]

Flowers are actinomorphic and bisexual with fused sepals and petals.
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Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)

Carl von Linné, Alexander Roslin, 1775. Currently owned by and hanging at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
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Eustoma is a genus of 3 species in the family Gentianaceae, found in warm regions of the Southern United States, Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America. They are mostly found growing in grassland and areas of disturbed ground.
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Saints Victoricus (Victorice, Victoric), Fuscian (Fulcian, Fulcien, Fuscien) and Gentian (Gentien) (d. 287) are venerated as martyrs by the Catholic Church. Their feast day falls on December 11.
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Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Gentianaceae

Genera

Many, see text

Gentianaceae, or the Gentian family, is a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. [1]

Flowers are actinomorphic and bisexual with fused sepals and petals.
..... Click the link for more information.
In biogeography, a biological category of living things is said to have cosmopolitan distribution if this category can be found almost anywhere around the world. See "cosmopolitan" for etymology.

An example of a cosmopolitan species is the Painted Lady butterfly.
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Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area (or 29.4% of its land area) and, with almost 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.
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Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.
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Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.4% of the total land area.
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]


Capital Canberra

Largest city Sydney
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Anthem
"God Defend New Zealand"
"God Save the Queen" 1


Capital Wellington

Largest city Auckland
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leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast (chlorenchyma tissue, a type of parenchyma) to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate
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If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
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Andes (Quechua: Anti(s/kuna))

The Andes between Chile and Argentina


Countries |
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Corolla is the overall structure of the petals of a flower taken as a group within the calyx. Normally the corolla is the most conspicuous part of a flower and of a bright colour other than green.
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petal (from Ancient Greek petalon "leaf", "thin plate"), regarded as a highly modified leaf, is one member or part of the corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in
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sepal (from Latin separatus "separate" + petalum "petal") is a part of the flower of angiosperms or flower plants. Sepals in a "typical" flower are green and lie under the more conspicuous petals.
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A rock garden, also known as a rockery or an alpine garden, is a type of garden that features extensive use of rocks or stones, along with plants native to rocky or alpine environments.
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Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, (AD 23 – August 24, AD 79), better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author, naturalist or natural philosopher and naval and military commander of some importance who wrote Naturalis Historia.
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Gentius (ruled 180–168 BC) was the last king of Illyria. He was the son of the Illyrian king Pleuratus II, of the tribe of the Labeates. He had his capital at Scodra.

In 180 BC the Dalmatians declared themselves independent from his rule.
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Illyria (Albanian Iliria Ancient Greek Ἰλλυρία; Latin Illyria [1] (see also Illyricum)
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bitters is a preparation of herbs and citrus dissolved in alcohol or glycerine with a bitter or bittersweet flavor. The various brands of bitters, once numerous, were formerly manufactured as patent medicines, often serving as digestifs.
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The term soft drink (more commonly known as soda, pop, or soda pop in parts of the United States and Canada, or fizzy drinks in the U.K.[1]) refers to carbonated drinks that do not contain alcohol.
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