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Generalissimo Francisco de Miranda
Generalissimo or Generalissimus is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to a Field Marshal or Grand Admiral.

Usage

The word "generalissimo" comes from the Italian "generale", general, plus the suffix -issimo, meaning "utmost, to the highest grade". The rank was historically given to a military officer leading an entire army or the entire armed forces, only subordinated to the Sovereign. The contemporary use of "generalissimo", has in the English language come to refer to a military officer who has obtained political power by a military coup, or in some cases one who has suspended pre-existing constitutional mechanisms in order to retain power by means of a military hierarchy.

Famous generalissimos

Republic of China

Dominican Republic

Cuba

France

The Holy Roman Empire / Austrian Empire

Mexico

Poland

  • Jerzy Ossoliński (1643–1648)

Russia and the Soviet Union

There were four holders of the Russian rank or title "generalissimus" prior to the 20th century. Menshikov both commanded military forces and ruled absolutely; two others, Aleksei Shein and Aleksandr Suvorov, were principally field commanders rather than political figures, and hence are listed below. Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1714–1776), was appointed generalissimus by his wife Anna Leopoldovna but neither commanded nor ruled.

Kingdom of Spain

For a time Baldomero Espartero and the Prince of the Peace, Manuel Godoy, were called generalissimo.

Sweden

Venezuela

Venice

Other italians

See also

A field marshal is a military officer rank.

Today it is the highest rank in the armies in which it is used, one step above a general or colonel-general. Historically, however, several armies used field marshal as a divisional command rank, notably Spain, Mexico,
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Grand Admiral is a historic naval rank, generally being the highest such rank present in any particular country. Its most notable use is in Germany — the German word is Großadmiral.
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Sovereignty is the exclusive right to complete political (e.g. legislative, judicial, and/or executive) control over an area of governance, people, or oneself. A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority, subject to no other.
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coup d'état (IPA: [kuːdeɪˈtɑː] or AHD: [ko͞o"dā tä]), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, often through illegal means by a part of the state establishment —
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Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925.
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Máximo Gómez y Báez (18 November, 1836 in the Dominican Republic - 17 June, 1905 in Havana, Cuba) was a Major General in the Ten Years' War (1868-1878) and Cuba's military commander in that country's War of Independence (1895-1898).
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Henry III
King of France, Count of Provence (more...)

Henry III Image in the Louvre.
Reign 30 May 1574 – 2 August 1589
Coronation 13 February 1575, Reims
Full name Alexandre-Édouard
Titles
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Henry I, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Count of Eu (January 31, 1550 – December 23, 1588, Château de Blois), sometimes called Le Balafré, "the scarred", was the eldest son of Francis, Duke of Guise and Anna d'Este.
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Louis of Bourbon-Condé (Louis II, Prince of Condé) (8 September, 1621 – 11 November, 1686) was a French soldier and the most famous representative of the Condé branch of the Bourbons. Prior to his father's death in 1646, he was styled the Duc d'Enghien.
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Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, often called simply Turenne (September 11, 1611 – July 27, 1675) achieved military fame and became a Marshal of France. He was the most illustrious member of the La Tour d'Auvergne family.
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Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Prince de Martigues, Marquis and Duc de Villars and Vicomte de Melun (May 8, 1653 – June 17, 1734) was the last great general of Louis XIV of France and one of the most brilliant commanders in French military history, one of only six Marshals
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Maurice, comte de Saxe (German Moritz Graf von Sachsen) (28 October, 1696 – 20 November, 1750), Marshal of France and later also Marshal General of France.

Childhood


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Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie (March 29, 1769 – November 26, 1851), the Hand of Iron [1] , was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of France in 1804.
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Ferdinand Foch OM GCB (October 2, 1851 – March 20, 1929) was a French soldier, military theorist, and writer credited with possessing "the most original and subtle mind in the French Army" in the early 20th century.
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Allies of World War I are sometimes also referred to as the Entente Powers or The Triple Entente (entente being French for "agreement"). The main allies were France, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the United States.
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Maurice Gustave Gamelin (September 20, 1872 - April 18, 1958) was a French general. Gamelin is best remembered for his unsuccessful command of the French military in 1940 during the Battle of France and his steadfast defense of republican values.
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Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein   (help info ) (also Waldstein; Czech: Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna;[1]
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Raimondo, Count of Montecúccoli or Montecucculi (de: Raimondo Graf Montecúccoli), (born February 21, 1608 or 1609 at the castle of Montecucculo in Modena; died October 16, 1680 at Linz) was an Austrian general who was also prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Neapolitan duke
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François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736), known as Principe Eugenio di Savoia in Italian and Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German, was one of the greatest generals to serve the Habsburgs.
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Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Fürst von Thiano (Count Leopold Joseph von Daun or Dhaun) (September 24, 1705 – February 5, 1766), Prince of Thiano, Austrian field marshal, was born at Vienna, as son of Count Wirich Philipp von Daun.
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Josef Wenzel Karl, Prince of Liechtenstein (August 9, 1696, Prague - February 10, 1772, Vienna) was a prince of Liechtenstein between 1748 and 1772. He was a nephew of Anton Florian.

Josef was primarily a general and was very successful in that line of work.
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Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (de: Erzherzog Karl von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen) (Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria) (September 5, 1771 – April 30, 1847) was an Austrian
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Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg (or Prince Charles Philip of Schwarzenberg (April 18, 1771 – October 15, 1820) was an Austrian field marshal.

Life


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Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (February 21, 1794 – June 21, 1876), also known simply as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against
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Aleksei Semyonovich Shein (Алексей Семенович Шеин
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Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров
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Anthony Ulrich (German: Anton Ulrich; 28 August 1714, Bevern – 4 May 1774, Kholmogory), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was generalissimus of the Army of Russia, and husband to Anna Leopoldovna, who was regent of Russia for one year.
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Anna Leopoldovna (А́нна Леопо́льдовна) (1718 – 18 March, 1746), also known as Anna Karlovna
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Aleksei Semyonovich Shein (Алексей Семенович Шеин
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