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Information about Galea Aponeurotica

Muscles of the head, face, and neck. (Galea aponeurotica visible at top.)
subject #105 380
Dorlands/Elsevier g_01/12383152
The galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis) covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the Occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales.

On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue.

It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance.

See also

Additional images


Diagrammatic section of scalp.


External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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General anatomy of head and neck - head
Face/OcciputForehead • Eye • Ear • Temple • Cheek • Chin
External noseNostril • Nasal septum • Cartilages (Accessory nasal, of the septum, Greater alar, Lateral nasal, Lesser alar, Vomeronasal)  • Olfactory glands
Nasal cavityChoana • Turbinate • Sphenoethmoidal recess • Ethmoid bulla • Hiatus semilunaris • Ostium maxillare • Inferior meatus • Vomeronasal organ • Paranasal sinus
Mouth/oral cavityLip • Philtrum • Jaw • Pterygomandibular raphe
TeethPermanent (Incisor, Canine, Premolar, Molar)  • Deciduous
TonguePlica fimbriata • Median sulcus • Foramen cecum • Terminal sulcus • Frenulum linguae • Anterior tongue • Posterior tongue
Palate/roof of mouthHard palate • Soft palate • Palatine raphe • Incisive papilla • Uvula • Pharyngeal recess • Arches: (Palatoglossal • Palatopharyngeal)
Salivary glands(Parotid • Sublingual • Submandibular) • Ducts: Submandibular • Parotid
fasciaMasseteric fascia • Temporal fascia • Galea aponeurotica • Scalp
Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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skull is a bony structure found in many animals which serves as the general framework for the head. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the head against injury.

The skull can be subdivided into two parts: the cranium and the mandible.
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The word occipital refers to several areas of the human body in the occiput, the rear of the skull:
  • Occipital bun
  • Occipital lobe
  • Occipital bone
  • Occipital scales
  • Occipital artery
  • Occipital vein
  • Lesser occipital nerve
  • Greater occipital nerve

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The inion is the most prominent projection of the occipital bone at the lower rear part of the skull. The ligamentum nuchae and trapezius muscle attach to it.

The term external occipital protuberance (protuberantia occipitalis externa
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The nuchal lines are four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone:
  • The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, and to it the galea aponeurotica is attached.

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The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal.
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The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull that resembles a cockleshell in form, and consists of two portions:
  • a vertical portion, the squama frontalis, corresponding with the region of the forehead.

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The Auriculares muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear.
  • The Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem), the smallest of the three, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct.

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Aponeuroses (απο, "away" or "of", and νευρον, "sinew") are membranes separating muscles from each other. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood
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The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle.

It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the Auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the Orbicularis oculi.
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The zygomatic arch is formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture; the tendon of
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''For other uses of the word, see Scalp (disambiguation)
The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly.
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The periosteum is a thin layer of dense, irregular connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone in all places except at joints. (The outer surface of bone at joints is covered with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.
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The Epicranium is the medical term for the collection of structures covering the cranium. It consists of the muscles, aponeurosis, and skin.

External links

  • Epicranium at eMedicine Dictionary
  • e_11/12336805 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

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Aponeuroses (απο, "away" or "of", and νευρον, "sinew") are membranes separating muscles from each other. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood
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The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind in the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City.
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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
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Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.[1] It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.[1]
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Head and neck anatomy focuses on the structures of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.
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head of an animal is the rostral part (from anatomical position) that usually comprises the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth (all of which aid in various sensory functions, such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste).
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The face is the front part of the head, in humans from the forehead to chin including the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, teeth, skin, and chin. The face is used for expression, appearance and identity amongst others.
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The occiput is the anatomical term for the posterior portion of the head.

Clinical significance

Trauma to the occiput can cause a basilar skull fracture.

Identification of the location of the fetal occiput is important in obstetrics.
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In human anatomy, the forehead or brow is the bony part of the head above the eyes. People who have a large forehead are often said to have a fivehead.

Anatomy

In modern humans it is roughly vertical, ending at the hairline where the head flattens out.
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Eyes are organs of vision that detect light. Different kinds of light-sensitive organs are found in a variety of organisms. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, while more complex eyes can distinguish shapes and colors.
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outer ear is the most external portion of the ear. The outer ear includes the pinnae (also called auricle), the ear canal, and the very most superficial layer of the ear drum (also called the tympanic membrane).
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Temple indicates the side of the head behind the eyes. The bone beneath is the temporal bone.

Anatomy

Cladists classify land vertebrates based on the presence of an upper hole, a lower hole, both, or neither in the cover of dermal bone which formerly covered the
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Cheeks (Latin: bucca, also malā: "jaw") constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear.

It is fleshy in humans and other mammals, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral
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As an acronym, CHIN may refer to:
  • Canadian Heritage Information Network, a government agency in Canada which promotes Canadian culture and heritage on the Internet

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