Eye Of Horus

Information about Eye Of Horus

The Wadjat - later called The Eye of Horus

The Eye of Horus (previously wadjet and the Eye of the Moon; and afterward as The Eye of Ra)^[1] is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection and royal power from deities, in this case from Horus or Ra. The symbol is seen on images of his mother, Hathor, and other deities associated with her.

In the Egyptian language the word for this symbol was "wadjet".^[2]^[3] It first was the eye of one of the earliest of Egyptian deities, Wadjet, who later became associated with Bast, Mut, and Hathor as well. Wadjet was a solar deity and this symbol began as her eye, seeing everything. In early artwork Hathor is depicted with this eye as hers also. [1]

Horus was an ancient Egyptian sky god in the form of a falcon. The right eye represents a peregrine falcon's eye and the markings around it, including the "teardrop" marking sometimes found below the eye. As the wadjet (also udjat or utchat), it also represented the sun, and was associated with his mother, Hathor, and with Wadjet another goddess, both early sun deities who became associated as aspects of one another, as well as the sun deity Ra (Re) whose cult arose last. The mirror image, or left eye, sometimes represented the moon and the god Tehuti (Thoth). ^[4]

The ancients believed this symbol of indestructibility would assist in rebirth. The Eye of Horus was found under the twelfth layer of bandages on the mummy of Tutankhamun, an eighteenth dynasty pharaoh.

Hieroglyph

Wadjet - Eye of Horus
in hieroglyphs

Seven different hieroglyphs are used to represent the "eye"-(human body parts). One is the common usage of the verb: 'to do' , 'make' , or 'perform' . The other frequently used hieroglyph is the Wadget, a sacred protective symbol, called the 'Eye of Horus' after his cult rose to prominence as the son of Hathor.

In arithmetic

In the Ancient Egyptian measurement system, the Eye Of Horus defined an Old Kingdom rounded off number one (1) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/64, by throwing away 1/64. The Eye of Horus statements created 6-term rounded off numbers. The Old Kingdom definition had dropped a 7th term, a remainder 1/64, that was needed to report exact series. During the Middle Kingdom that included the eleventh through fourteenth dynasties, exact series definitions and applications were written by creating 7-terms, or more, written as Egyptian fraction series, often scaled to 1/320 hekat. For example, the Akhmim Wooden Tablet, dated to 2000 BC near the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, wrote quotients in the Eye of Horus 6-terms, while writing 7th term remainders as Egyptian fractions, scaled to 1/320 of a hekat. The metaphorical side of this information linked the Old Kingdom six fractions, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64 to separate parts of the eye, as noted by:

1/2 was represented by smell, symbolized by the right side of the eye in a form of the nose. The pyramid text says: "Behold [the fire] rises in Abydos and it comes; I cause it to come, the Eye of Horus. It is set in order upon thy brow, O Osiris Khenti-Amenti; it is set in the shrine and rises on thy brow."
1/4 was represented by sight or the sensation of light, symbolized by the pupil. The pyramid text says: "Perfect is the Eye of Horus. I have delivered the Eye of Horus, the shining one, the ornament of the Eye of Ra, the Father of the Gods."
1/8 was represented by thought, symbolized by the eyebrow. The pyramid text says: "...the Eye of Horus hath made me holy...I will hide myself among you, O ye stars which are imperishable. My brow is the brow of Ra."
1/16 was represented by hearing, symbolized by the left side of the eye in the form of an arrow pointing towards the ear. The pyramid text says: "That which has been shut fast/dead hath been opened by the command of the Eye of Horus, which hath delivered me. Established are the beauties on the forehead of Ra."
1/32 was represented by taste, by the sprouting of wheat or grain from the planted stalk, symbolized by a curved tail. The pyramid text says: "Come, the Eye of Horus hath delivered for me my soul, my ornaments are established on the brow of Ra. Light is on the faces of those who are in the members of Osiris."
1/64 was represented by touch, symbolized by a leg touching the ground, or what can also be thought of as a strong plant growing into the surface of the earth. The pyramid text says: "I shall see the Gods and the Eye of Horus burning with fire before my eyes!"

In the Middle Kingdom the 1/64 symbol denoted 'rest' and 'healing' as connected to the hekat, with the word dja being attached.

The 'Eye of Horus' fractions were further discussed in the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll following elementary definitions that built the Egyptian fraction system. Weights and measure subunits of a hekat were also connected to Eye of Horus numbers in the quotient, and as an exact remainder, the remainder including an Egyptian fraction and a ro unit, correcting the Eye of Horus 1/64 round off error. The ro unit, 1/320 of a hekat was cited in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus and as applied in the medical texts, like the Ebers Papyrus. A precise mathematical derivation of ro is found in the Akhmim Wooden Tablet.

References

1. ^ Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 1, 268.13
2. ^ Pommerening, Tanja, Die altägyptischen Hohlmaße (Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Beiheft 10), Hamburg, Helmut Buske Verlag, 2005
3. ^ M. Stokstad, "Art History"
4. ^ [2]

external links

http://www.planetfusion.co.uk/wadjet.html The Utchat. Another theory about the Utchat

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Horus is one of the most ancient deities of the Ancient Egyptian religion, who appears in his earliest form in late Predynastic Egypt. Represented as a falcon, his name is believed to mean 'the high' or 'the far off'^[1]
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Ra (Re and later Amun-Ra; reconstructed as *ri:ʕu) is the ancient Egyptian sun god. He was a major deity in ancient Egyptian religion by the fifth dynasty.
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Hathor (Egyptian for house of Horus) was originally a personification of the Milky Way, which was seen as the milk that flowed from the udders of a heavenly cow. Hathor was an ancient goddess, and was worshipped as a cow-deity from at least 2700 BC, [1] during
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Egyptian}}}
Writing system: hieroglyphs, cursive hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic and Coptic (later, occasionally Arabic script in government translations)
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: egy
ISO 639-3: egy
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cobra+Sun

in hieroglyphs
<hiero>N6</hiero>
In Egyptian mythology, Wadjet (Egyptian w3ḏyt; also spelt Wadjit or Wedjet which means, goddess, and in Greek, Udjo,
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Bast may refer to:

Bast (mythology), a goddess in Egyptian mythology
Bast (biology), a type of plant fiber
Bast (Marvel Comics), Marvel Comics depiction of the goddess
Bast, The Sandman (Vertigo) depiction of the goddess

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MUT may refer to

Methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase, a mitochondrial enzyme
MUT (zinc finger protein), a synthetic zinc finger protein
Mauritius Time, a time zone used in Mauritius.

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Ancient Egyptian religion encompasses the beliefs and rituals of Ancient Egypt. It was followed in Egypt for over three thousand years until the establishment of Coptic Christianity and Islam.
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sky father is a recurring theme in mythology. The sky father is the complement of the earth mother and appears in some creation myths, many of which are European or ancient Near Eastern.
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F. peregrinus

Binomial name
Falco peregrinus
Tunstall, 1771

Global range
(blue indicates presence)

Subspecies
17-19, see text
Synonyms

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Thoth (his Greek name derived from the Egyptian *ḏiḥautī, written by Egyptians as ḏḥwty
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mummy is a corpse whose skin and dried flesh have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air when bodies are submerged in bogs.
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Nebty
name <hiero>nfr-O4:p-G43-M40-Z3-s-W11:r-V28-D36:N17:N17-N21:N21</hiero>
Neferhepusegerehtawy
One of perfect laws,
who pacifies the two lands^[2]
<hiero>wr-aH-pr-Z1-i-mn:n</hiero>
Wer-Ah-Amun
Great of the palace of Amun
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Dynasties of Pharaohs
in Ancient Egypt
Predynastic Egypt
Protodynastic Period
Early Dynastic Period
1st 2nd
Old Kingdom
3rd 4th 5th 6th
First Intermediate Period
7th 8th 9th 10th
11th (Thebes only)

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Egyptian hieroglyphs
Child systems Hieratic

ISO 15924 Egyp

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
Egyptian hieroglyphs (sometimes called hieroglyphics
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The Akhmim Wooden Tablet, is an ancient Egyptian artifact that has been dated to 2000 BC, near to the beginning of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. It is currently housed in Cairo's Museum of Egyptian Antiquities.
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The hekat or heqat (transcribed HqA.t) was an ancient Egyptian volume unit, used to measure grain, bread, and beer. Until the New Kingdom the hekat was one tenth of a khar, later one sixteenth; while the New Kingdom oipe (transcribed ip.t) contained 4 hekat.
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The Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (also referred to as EMLR) was a 10" x 17" leather roll purchased by Alexander Henry Rhind in 1858. It was sent to the British Museum in 1864, along with the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus but the former was not chemically softened and
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An Egyptian fraction is the sum of distinct unit fractions, such as . That is, each fraction in the series has a numerator equal to 1 and a denominator that is a positive integer, and all the denominators differ from each other.
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Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP, also designated as: papyrus British Museum 10057, and pBM 10058), is named after Alexander Henry Rhind, a Scottish antiquarian, who purchased the papyrus in 1858 in Luxor, Egypt; it was apparently found during illegal excavations in or near the
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Ebers papyrus of about 1550 BC is among the most important ancient Egyptian medical papyri. It is one of two of the oldest preserved medical documents anywhere, the other main source being the Edwin Smith papyrus (c. 1600 BC).
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Eye of Providence can be seen floating above an unfinished pyramid on the back of the US $1 bill.]]

The Eye of Providence or the all-seeing eye is a symbol showing an eye surrounded by rays of light or a glory, and usually enclosed by a triangle.
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evil eye is a folklore belief that the envy elicited by the good luck of fortunate people may result in their misfortune, whether it is envy of material possessions including livestock, or of beauty, health, or offspring.
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