Information about Extension (kinesiology)
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Anatomical planes in a human. Extension usually occurs in the coronal plane when the body is in the anatomical position
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The leg extension is an isolation exercise.
The movement in the opposite directions is called flexion. Flexion decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at a joint, while extension increases it.
With the foot, extension (elevation) is usually called dorsiflexion.
If a part of the body is overstretched, then one speaks of a '''hyperextension (as with the knee).
In some anatomical muscle names, particularly with muscles of the forearm and the Cnemis, the term occurs explicitly as the second word in the Latin spelling of the name (for example, Musculus extensor carpi ulnaris).
Muscles of extension
Upper limb
- of forearm at elbow[1]
- Posterior compartment of the arm
- Triceps
- Anconeus
- of hand at wrist[2]
- Posterior compartment of the forearm
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- of phalanges, at all joints
- Posterior compartment of the forearm
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digiti minimi (little finger only)
- Extensor indicis (index finger only)
- of phalanges, at interphalangeal joints[3]
- Lumbricals of the hand
- Dorsal interossei of the hand
- Palmar interossei
- of thumb[4][5]
- Extensor pollicis brevis (proximal phalange)
- Extensor pollicis longus (distal phalange)
Lower limb
- of thigh/femur at hip[6]
- Gluteus maximus
- Posterior compartment of thigh
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- of leg at knee (L3-L4)[7]
- Quadriceps
- Rectus femoris muscle
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- of toes[8][9]
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor digitorum brevis
- Extensor hallucis brevis
References
External links
Joints | |
|---|---|
| Types of joints | Amphiarthrosis - Symphysis - Gomphosis - Synovial joint (Hinge joint, Pivot joint, Condyloid joint, Saddle joint, Ball and socket joint, Gliding joint) |
| Terminology | Kinesiology - Anatomical terms of motion - Agonist/Antagonist |
| Motions | Flexion/Extension - Adduction/Abduction - Internal rotation/External rotation - Supination/Pronation - Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion - Eversion/Inversion - Elevation/Depression - Protraction/Retraction |
flexion is a position that is made possible by the joint angle decreasing. The skeletal (bones, cartilage, and ligaments) and muscular (muscles and tendons) systems work together to move the joint into a "flexed" position.
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The foot is a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws or nails.
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Dorsiflexion is the movement which decreases the angle between the foot and the leg. The movement moving in opposite directions is called Plantarflexion.
The range of motion for dorsiflexion is indicated in the literature as 20° to 30°.
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The range of motion for dorsiflexion is indicated in the literature as 20° to 30°.
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In human anatomy, the knee is the lower extremity joint connecting the femur and the tibia. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the entire weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.
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For the firearm component, see .
The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist.[1]. This term is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm (or upper arm)...... Click the link for more information.
The Cnemis is the section of the human leg located between the knee and the ankle.
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Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the human forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist.
Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
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Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
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For the firearm component, see .
The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist.[1]. This term is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm (or upper arm)...... Click the link for more information.
elbow-joint is a ginglymus or hinge joint. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm.
The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna.
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The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna.
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The posterior compartment of the arm contains muscles which are all supplied by the radial nerve. This compartment is also known as the "extensor compartment", extension being its main action.
The muscles of this compartment are the triceps brachii and anconeus muscle.
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The muscles of this compartment are the triceps brachii and anconeus muscle.
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The triceps brachii muscle is often simply called the triceps (both singular and plural). However, the term triceps (Latin for "three-headed") can mean any skeletal muscle having three origins.
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The anconeus muscle is a small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint.
Some consider anconeus to be a continuation of the triceps brachii muscle.[1][2][3]
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Some consider anconeus to be a continuation of the triceps brachii muscle.[1][2][3]
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The hands (med./lat.: manus, pl. manūs) are the two intricate, prehensile, multi-fingered body parts normally located at the end of each arm (medically: "terminating each anterior limb/appendage") of a human or other primate.
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wrist is the flexible and narrower connection between the forearm and the palm. The wrist is essentially a double row of small short bones, called carpals, intertwined to form a malleable hinge.
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The posterior compartment of the forearm contains the following muscles:
Level Muscle E/I
(see below) brachioradialis I
superficial extensor carpi radialis longus E
superficial extensor carpi radialis brevis E
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Level Muscle E/I
(see below) brachioradialis I
superficial extensor carpi radialis longus E
superficial extensor carpi radialis brevis E
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Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movement at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the 2nd metacarpal.
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The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the longus, beneath which it is placed.
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Origin and insertion
It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by a tendon common to it and the three following muscles; from the radial collateral ligament..... Click the link for more information.
The Extensor digitorum (Extensor digitorum communis) arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the common tendon; from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antebrachial fascia.
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Phalanges is commonly given to the bones that form fingers and toes. In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three. Phalanges are classified as long bones.
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The posterior compartment of the forearm contains the following muscles:
Level Muscle E/I
(see below) brachioradialis I
superficial extensor carpi radialis longus E
superficial extensor carpi radialis brevis E
..... Click the link for more information.
Level Muscle E/I
(see below) brachioradialis I
superficial extensor carpi radialis longus E
superficial extensor carpi radialis brevis E
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The Extensor digitorum (Extensor digitorum communis) arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the common tendon; from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antebrachial fascia.
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Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the human forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist.
Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
..... Click the link for more information.
Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
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The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the medial side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected.
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The extensor indicis proprius (Extensor indicis) is a narrow, elongated muscle, placed medial to, and parallel with, the extensor pollicis longus.
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Origin and insertion
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Phalanges is commonly given to the bones that form fingers and toes. In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three. Phalanges are classified as long bones.
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The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb):
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- "proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges
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lumbrical muscles are intrinsic muscles in the fingers that allow flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints, while maintaining extension at the interphalangeal joints.
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Structure
There are four of these small, worm-like muscles on each hand...... Click the link for more information.
dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals.
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Structure
There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the..... Click the link for more information.
The palmar interossei (interossei volares) are small muscles in the hand that lie on the anterior aspect of the metacarpals. They are smaller than the dorsal interossei of the hand, which lie between the metacarpals.
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The thumb is one of the five fingers.
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Anatomy of the thumb
Bones
The thumb consists of 3 bones:- distal phalanx (of the first digit)
- proximal phalanx (of the first digit)
- first metacarpal
Muscles
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