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Information about Exopterygota

Exopterygota
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Death's head cockroach or brown-winged Blaberus hybrid
Adult (above) and two immatures (note wing stubs)

Death's head cockroach or brown-winged Blaberus hybrid
Adult (above) and two immatures (note wing stubs)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Subphylum:Hexapoda
Class:Insecta
Subclass:Pterygota
Infraclass:Neoptera
Superorder:Exopterygota
Orders


Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers)
Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)
Plecoptera (stoneflies)
Embioptera (webspinners)
Zoraptera (angel insects)
Dermaptera (earwigs)
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc)
Phasmatodea (stick insects)
Blattodea (cockroaches)
Isoptera (termites)
Mantodea (mantids)
Psocoptera (booklice, barklice)
Thysanoptera (thrips)
Phthiraptera (lice)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
For fossil groups and possible future splits, see text.


The Exopterygota, also known as Hemipterodea, are a superorder of insects of the subclass Pterygota in the infraclass Neoptera, in which the young resemble adults but have externally-developing wings. They undergo a modest change between immature and adult, without going through a pupal stage. The nymphs develop gradually into adults through a process of moulting.

The Exopterygota are a highly diverse insect superorder, with at least 130,000 living species divided between 15 orders. They include termites, locusts, thrips, lice and stick insects, among many other types of insects.

They are distinguished from the Endopterygota (or Holometabola) by the way in which their wings develop. Endopterygota (meaning literally "internal winged forms") develop wings inside the body and undergo an elaborate metamorphosis involving a pupal stage. Exopterygota ("external winged forms") develop wings on the outside of their bodies without going through a true pupal stage, though a few have something resembling a pupa (e.g., Aleyrodidae).

Ephemeroptera (mayflies) and Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) also have gradual wing development, this being a plesiomorphic trait. These two orders belong to the paraphyletic infraclass Paleoptera however, which is not included in Neoptera. As opposed to Neoptera, they cannot fold their wings over their back in the horizontal plane, only vertically (as damselflies do) if at all.

Systematics

ITIS considers any subdivision of the Neoptera beyond the orders invalid, but this is almost universally rejected.

More recently, there is increasing debate about how to subdivide the Exopterygota, and the Neoptera in general. It is realized that some presumed Exopterygota may in fact be basal neopterans, making the superorder paraphyletic, just as the Palaeoptera are now increasingly accepted to be among the winged insects in general.

Here is a complete list of living and fossil orders of "exopterygotes", with some proposed subdivisions:

Superorder Exopterygota sensu stricto Proposed superorder Dictyoptera Proposed superorder Paraneoptera
B. craniifer

Binomial name
Blaberus craniifer
Burmeister, 1838

The true death's head cockroach, Blaberus craniifer
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Blaberus

Species

Blaberus craniifer
Blaberus discoidales
Blaberus giganteus
...
Blaberus is a genus of cockroaches. They are generally from South-America.
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829

Subphyla and Classes
  • Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
  • Trilobita - trilobites (extinct)
  • Subphylum Chelicerata

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Hexapoda
Latreille, 1825

Classes & Orders

Class Insecta (insects)
Class Entognatha

The subphylum Hexapoda (from the Greek for six legs
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders
Subclass Apterygota
* Archaeognatha (bristletails)
* Thysanura (silverfish)
Subclass Pterygota
* Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)

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Neoptera
Martynov, 1923

Superorders and orders

Superorder Exopterygota
  • Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers)
  • Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)
  • Plecoptera (stoneflies)
  • Embioptera (webspinners)
  • Zoraptera (angel insects)

..... Click the link for more information.
order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Grylloblattodea

Family: Grylloblattidae
E. M. Walker, 1914

Genera

Galloisiana
Grylloblatta
Grylloblattella
Grylloblattina
Namkungia


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Mantophasmatodea
Klass, Zompro, Kristensen & Adis, 2002

Families

Austrophasmatidae
Mantophasmatidae
Tanzaniophasmatidae
Mantophasmatodea
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Plecoptera
Burmeister, 1839

Suborders

Antarctoperlaria
Arctoperlaria
Euholognatha
Systellognatha

Plecoptera are an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. There are some 1,700 recorded species worldwide.
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Embioptera
Lameere, 1900

Families

There are 2 suborders and 10 families:
Andesembiidae
Anisembiidae
Australembiidae
Clothodidae
Embiidae
Embonychidae
Notoligotomidae
Oligotomidae
Teratembiidae
Sorellembiidae


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Zoraptera
Silvestri, 1913

Family: Zorotypidae
Silvestri, 1913

Genus: Zorotypus
Silvestri, 1913

Species

Zorotypus acanthothorax Engel & Grimaldi

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Orthoptera
Latreille, 1793

Extant suborders and superfamilies

Suborder Ensifera
  • Grylloidea
  • Hagloidea
  • Rhaphidophoroidea
  • Schizodactyloidea
  • Stenopelmatoidea
  • Tettigonioidea
Suborder Caelifera
  • Acridoidea

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Caelifera

Families

Superfamily: Tridactyloidea
  • Cylindrachaetidae
  • Ripipterygidae
  • Tridactylidae
Superfamily: Tetrigoidea
  • Tetrigidae
Superfamily: Eumastacoidea
  • Chorotypidae

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Phasmatodea
Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902

Suborders

Agathemerodea
Timematodea
Verophasmatodea

The Phasmatodea are an order of insects, whose members are variously known as stick insects (in Europe), walking sticks
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Blattodea

Families

Blaberidae
Blattellidae
Blattidae
Cryptocercidae
Polyphagidae
Nocticolidae

Cockroaches (or simply "roaches") are insects of the order Blattodea.
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Termites, sometimes known as white ants, are a group of social insects usually classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera. (This has been challenged by recent research, see taxonomy below.
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Mantodea

Families

Chaeteessidae
Metallyticidae
Mantoididae
Amorphoscelidae
Eremiaphilidae
Hymenopodidae
Liturgusidae
Mantidae
Empusidae

The order Mantodea
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Psocoptera

Suborders
  • Trogiomorpha (7 families)
  • Troctomorpha (9 families)
  • Psocomorpha (24 families)


Psocoptera are an order of insects that are commonly known as booklice or barklice.
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Thysanoptera
Haliday, 1836

Families

Terebrantia
Adiheterothripidae
Aeolothripidae
Fauriellidae
† Hemithripidae
Heterothripidae

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Phthiraptera
Haeckel, 1896

Suborders

Anoplura
Rhyncophthirina
Ischnocera
Amblycera

Lice (singular: louse), also known as fly babies, (order Phthiraptera) are an order of over 3,000 species of wingless insects.
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Phthiraptera
Haeckel, 1896

Suborders

Anoplura
Rhyncophthirina
Ischnocera
Amblycera

Lice (singular: louse), also known as fly babies, (order Phthiraptera) are an order of over 3,000 species of wingless insects.
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Hemiptera
Linnaeus, 1758

Suborders [1]

Auchenorrhyncha
Coleorrhyncha
Heteroptera
Sternorrhyncha

Hemiptera is an order of insects, comprising around 80,000 species of cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, shield bugs, and
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Bug or BUG can mean many things:

Biology

  • Formally, an insect of the order Hemiptera, also known as the "true bugs". (Outdated taxonomies sometimes use the name Heteroptera.

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order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders
Subclass Apterygota
* Archaeognatha (bristletails)
* Thysanura (silverfish)
Subclass Pterygota
* Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)

..... Click the link for more information.


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