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Information about Endopterygota

Endopterygota
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Panorpa communis, a scorpionfly (order Mecoptera)

Panorpa communis, a scorpionfly (order Mecoptera)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Subphylum:Hexapoda
Class:Insecta
Subclass:Pterygota
Infraclass:Neoptera
Superorder:Endopterygota
Sharp, 1898
Orders


Hymenoptera (ants, bees, etc.)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Strepsiptera (twisted-winged parasites)
Raphidioptera (snakeflies)
Megaloptera (alderflies, etc.)
Neuroptera (net-veined insects)
Mecoptera (scorpionflies, etc.)
Siphonaptera (fleas and snow fleas)
Diptera (true flies)
Trichoptera (caddisflies)
Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)
For fossil groups and possible future splits, see text.


The Endopterygota, also known as Holometabola, are insects of the subclass Pterygota which go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult stages. They undergo a radical metamorphosis, with the larval and adult stages differing considerably in their structure and behaviour. This is called holometabolism, or complete metamorphism.

The Endopterygota are among the most diverse insect superorders, with at least 680,000 living species divided between eleven orders, containing insects such as butterflies, fleas, bees, ants and beetles.

They are distinguished from the Exopterygota (or Hemipterodea) by the way in which their wings develop. Endopterygota (meaning literally "internal winged forms") develop wings inside the body and undergo an elaborate metamorphosis involving a pupal stage. Exopterygota ("external winged forms") develop wings on the outside of their bodies and do not go through a pupal stage. The latter trait is [8plesiomorph]]ic however and not exclusively found in the exopterygotes, but also in groups such as Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) which are not Neoptera but more basal among insects.

Systematics

ITIS considers any subdivision of the Neoptera beyond the orders invalid, but this is almost universally rejected.

The Endopterygota are sometimes divided into three assemblages: Neuropteroida (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Coleoptera), Hymenopteroida (Hymenoptera), and Panorpoida (Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Strepsiptera and Mecoptera). It was long believed that the hymenopterans, with their highly-developed social systems, constituted the most advanced insects, despite their rather "primitive" anatomy compared to flies and beetles for example.

More recently, this is increasingly been rejected and DNA sequence data seems to verify that the hymenopterans are indeed among the most basal endopterygotes, whereas flies and fleas are often considered the most radically advanced insects nowadays. This calls the previous subdivision into question, and consequently several new taxa have been proposed, splitting up the Endopterygota. While some groups (such as the "sucking-stinging" fly-flea assemblage or the caddisfly-butterfly group) seem indeed to be good clades, it is not likely that the relationships of the endopterygotes, or the neopteran insects in general, will be resolved in detail soon.

Superorder Neoptera sensu stricto Proposed superorder Mecopteroidea/Antliophora Proposed superorder Amphiesmenoptera Incertae sedis

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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829

Subphyla and Classes
  • Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
  • Trilobita - trilobites (extinct)
  • Subphylum Chelicerata

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Hexapoda
Latreille, 1825

Classes & Orders

Class Insecta (insects)
Class Entognatha

The subphylum Hexapoda (from the Greek for six legs
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders
Subclass Apterygota
* Archaeognatha (bristletails)
* Thysanura (silverfish)
Subclass Pterygota
* Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)

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Neoptera
Martynov, 1923

Superorders and orders

Superorder Exopterygota
  • Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers)
  • Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)
  • Plecoptera (stoneflies)
  • Embioptera (webspinners)
  • Zoraptera (angel insects)

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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s  1870s  1880s  - 1890s -  1900s  1910s  1920s
1895 1896 1897 - 1898 - 1899 1900 1901

:
Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Hymenoptera
Linnaeus, 1758

Suborders

Apocrita
Symphyta

Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants.
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Formicidae
Latreille, 1809

Subfamilies
  • Aenictogitoninae
  • Agroecomyrmecinae
  • Amblyoponinae (incl. "Apomyrminae")
  • Aneuretinae
  • Cerapachyinae
  • Dolichoderinae
  • Ecitoninae (incl.

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BEE may refer to:
  • Black Economic Empowerment, the policy of post-apartheid affirmative action in South Africa
  • Biblical Education by Extension, a Christian program designed to instruct theology in countries with weak theological infrastructure.

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Strepsiptera
Kirby, 1813

Families

Mengenillidae
Mengeidae
Stylopidae
Bohartillidae
Corioxenidae
Halictophagidae
Callipharixenidae
Elenchidae
Myrmecolacidae

The Strepsiptera (occasionally known as
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Raphidioptera

Families

Priscaenigmatidae Engel
Baissopteridae Martynova
Mesoraphidiidae Martynov
Alloraphidiidae Carpenter
Inocelliidae Navás
Raphidiidae Latreille

Snakeflies are a group of insects in the order Raphidioptera
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Megaloptera

Families
  • Sialidae - alderflies
  • Corydalidae - dobsonflies & fishflies


Megaloptera, from the Greek words mega, meaning large, and ptera
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Sialidae
Leach, 1815

Alderflies are neuropterous insects of the family Sialidae. They are closely related to the dobsonflies, and have long filamentous antennae and four large wings, of which the anterior pair is slightly longer than the posterior.
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Neuroptera
Linnaeus, 1758

Superfamilies

see text

The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives (the group that was once known as the Planipennia).
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Siphonaptera (but see text)
Latreille, 1825

Infraorders

Ceratophyllomorpha
Hystrichopsyllomorpha
Pulicomorpha
Pygiopsyllomorpha

Synonyms

Aphaniptera

Flea
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Siphonaptera (but see text)
Latreille, 1825

Infraorders

Ceratophyllomorpha
Hystrichopsyllomorpha
Pulicomorpha
Pygiopsyllomorpha

Synonyms

Aphaniptera

Flea
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H. nivicola

Binomial name
Hypogastrura nivicola
(Fitch, 1846)

Wingless scorpionflies in the family Boreidae are also sometimes known as snow fleas.

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Diptera
Linnaeus, 1758

Suborders

Nematocera (includes Eudiptera)
Brachycera

True flies are insects of the Order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron
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Diptera
Linnaeus, 1758

Suborders

Nematocera (includes Eudiptera)
Brachycera

True flies are insects of the Order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron
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Trichoptera

Suborders [1]

Annulipalpia
Spicipalpia
Integripalpia

Caddisflies are small insect like creatures. (Order Trichoptera, from trich, hair, and ptera
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Trichoptera

Suborders [1]

Annulipalpia
Spicipalpia
Integripalpia

Caddisflies are small insect like creatures. (Order Trichoptera, from trich, hair, and ptera
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Clipper Parthenos sylvia]]
The Clipper Parthenos sylvia


Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda
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Rhopalocera

Superfamilies and families
  • Superfamily Hedyloidea:
  • Hedylidae
  • Superfamily Hesperioidea:
  • Hesperiidae

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moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly. Both are of the order Lepidoptera. The division of Lepidopterans into moths and butterflies is a popular taxonomy, not a scientific one.
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