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Information about Effective Dose

“ED-50” redirects here. For the geodetic datum ED50, see ED50.
In pharmacology an effective dose is the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic response in 50% of the people taking it. In radiation protection effective dose is an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human.

Radiation

Effective dose is used in radiation protection, to compare the stochastic risk of a non-uniform exposure of ionizing radiation, with the risks caused by a uniform exposure of the whole body. The stochastic risks are carcinogenesis and hereditary effects. It is not intended as a measure for acute or threshold effects of radiation exposure such as erythema, radiation sickness or death.

Effective dose equivalent is used to compare radiation doses on different body parts on an equivalent basis because radiation does not affect different parts in the same way. The effective dose (H) to an individual is found by calculating a weighted average of the equivalent dose (E) to different body tissues, with the weighting factors (W) designed to reflect the different radiosensitivities of the tissues:

H = ∑i Ei Wi

The unit for effective dose is the sievert (Sv).

The International Commission on Radiological Protection provide guidance on the risk caused by radiation.

References

  • ICRP. ICRP Publication 60: 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Elsevier Science Pub Co (April 1, 1991). ISBN 0-08-041144-4.

Pharmacology

In pharmacology, effective dose is the minimal dose that produces the desired effect of a drug. The effective dose is often determined based on analysing the dose-response relationship specific to the drug. The dosage that produces a desired effect in half the test population is referred to as the ED-50, for "Effective dose, 50%".

References

See also

ED 50 (European Datum 1950) is a geodetic datum which was defined after World War II for the international connection of geodetic networks.

Some of the important battles of World War II were fought on the borders of Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and
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Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, which includes both particle radiation and high energy electromagnetic radiation.
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Stochastic, from the Greek "stochos" or "aim, guess", means of, relating to, or characterized by conjecture and randomness. A stochastic process is one whose behavior is non-deterministic in that a state does not fully determine its next state.
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Ionizing radiation is energetic particles or waves that have the potential to ionize an atom or molecule through atomic interactions. It is a function of the energy of the individual particles or waves, and not a function of the number of particles or waves present.
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In medicine, an acute disease is a disease with either or both of:
  1. a rapid onset;
  2. a short course (as opposed to a chronic course).


This adjective is part of the definition of several diseases and is, therefore, incorporated in their name, for instance,
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MeSH D004890 Erythema is an large abnormal redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion. It is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatments, acne medication, allergies, exercise or solar radiation
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Radiation sickness can refer to:
  • Radiation Sickness (video) - a video by the thrash metal band Nuclear Assault.
  • Radiation poisoning - a sickness caused by exposure to radiation.

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The equivalent dose (HT) is a measure of the radiation dose to tissue where an attempt has been made to allow for the different relative biological effect of different types of ionizing radiation.
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The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the SI derived unit of dose equivalent. It attempts to reflect the biological effects of radiation as opposed to the physical aspects, which are characterised by the absorbed dose, measured in grays.
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The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an advisory body providing recommendations and guidance on radiation protection; It was founded in 1928 by the International Society of Radiology (ISR) and was then called the ‘International X-ray and Radium
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Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function.[1] If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.
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drug, broadly speaking, is a substance used as a medicine or narcotic.[1] There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in medicine, government regulations, and colloquial usage.[2]

In pharmacology, Dictionary.
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The Dose-response relationship describes the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure (or doses) to a stressor (usually a chemical). This may apply to individuals (eg: a small amount has no observable effect, a large amount is fatal), or to populations
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This is a list of acronyms and abbreviations used to record dosages:

Frequency

  • PRN -As necessary/needed
  • Q1H - every hour
  • Q2H - every 2 hours
  • Q3H - every 3 hours
  • Q4H - every 4 hours
  • Q6H - every 6 hours
  • Q8H - every 8 hour
  • TID - 3x/day

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The Certain Safety Factor is the ratio of the lethal dose to 1% of population to the effective dose to 99% of the population (LD1/ED99). This is a better safety index than just the LD50, because it factors in the ends of the spectrum where doses may be necessary to produce a
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