Information about Edward Hyde, 1st Earl Of Clarendon
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (18 February 1609–9 December 1674) was an English historian, statesman and grandfather of two queens regnant, Mary II and Anne.
Hyde was the third son of Henry Hyde of Dinton and Purton, Wiltshire, a member of a family for some time established at Norbury, Cheshire. He entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, (now Hertford College, Oxford, where his portrait hangs in the hall) in 1622, having been rejected by Magdalen College, and graduated BA in 1626. Intended originally for holy orders in the Church of England, the death of two elder brothers made him his father's heir, and in 1625 he entered the Middle Temple to study law. His abilities were more conspicuous than his industry, and at the bar his time was devoted more to general reading and to the society of eminent scholars and writers than to the study of law treatises.
This time was not wasted. In later years Clarendon declared "next the immediate blessing and providence of God Almighty" that he "owed all the little he knew and the little good that was in him to the friendships and conversation...of the most excellent men in their several kinds that lived in that age." These included Ben Jonson, Selden, Waller, Hales, and especially Lord Falkland; and from their influence and the wide reading in which he indulged, he doubtless drew the solid learning and literary talent which afterwards distinguished him.
In 1629 he married his first wife, Anne, daughter of Sir George Ayliffe of Grittenham, who died six months afterwards; and secondly, in 1634, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests. From this second marriage came a daughter, Anne. In 1633 he was called to the bar, and obtained quickly a good position and practice. His marriages had gained for him influential friends, and in December 1634 he was made keeper of the writs and rolls of the common pleas; while his able conduct of the petition of the London merchants against Portland earned Laud's approval.
In 1640 Hyde was returned to the Short Parliament and then again in the Long Parliament, he was at first a moderate critic of King Charles I, but gradually moved over towards the royalist side, championing the Church of England and opposing the execution of the Earl of Strafford, Charles's primary advisor. Following the Grand Remonstrance of 1641, Hyde became an informal advisor to the King.
During the Civil War, Hyde served in the King's council as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and was one of the more moderate figures in the royalist camp. By 1645 his moderation had alienated him from the King, and he was made guardian to the Prince of Wales, with whom he fled to Jersey in 1646.
Hyde was not closely involved with Charles II's attempts to regain the throne in 1649 to 1651. It was during this period that Hyde began to write his great history of the Civil War. Hyde rejoined the exiled king in the latter year, and soon became his chief advisor; Charles named him Lord Chancellor in 1658. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, he returned to England with the King and became even closer to the royal family through the marriage of his daughter, Anne, to the king's brother James, Duke of York, the heir-presumptive. Their two daughters, Mary II and Anne would each one day reign in their own right.
In 1660, Hyde was raised to the peerage as Baron Hyde, of Hindon in the County of Wiltshire, and the next year was created Viscount Cornbury and Earl of Clarendon. He served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1660-1667.
As Lord Chancellor, it is commonly thought that Clarendon was the author of the "Clarendon Code", designed to preserve the supremacy of the Church of England. However, he was not very heavily involved with the drafting and actually disapproved of much of its content. It was merely named after him, as he was a chief minister.
In 1663, the Earl of Clarendon was one of eight Lords Proprietors given title to a huge tract of land in North America which became the Province of Carolina. However, he began to fall out of favour with the king, and the military setbacks of the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 to 1667 led to his downfall. Clarendon was impeached, in part, for blatant violations of habeas corpus; sending prisoners out of England to places like Jersey, and holding them there without the benefit of trial. He was impeached by the House of Commons, and forced to flee to France in November, 1667.
He spent the rest of his life in exile, working on the History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, his classic account of the English Civil War. (The proceeds from this book's publication were instrumental in building the Clarendon Building at Oxford.) He died in Rouen on 9 December 1674. Shortly after his death, his body was returned to England, and he is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Clarendon's sons, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, were major political figures in their own right. Clarendon's two cousins, Richard Rigby, Secretary of Jamaica and his son, Richard Rigby, Chief Secretary of Ireland and Paymaster of the Army, were also successful politicians in the succeeding generations.
His daughter Lady Anne Hyde married the future James VII of Scotland and II of England, and was the mother of two queens regnant - Mary II of England and Anne of England
Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large English county in the South West England region of the UK.
..... Click the link for more information.
)
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Hyde was the third son of Henry Hyde of Dinton and Purton, Wiltshire, a member of a family for some time established at Norbury, Cheshire. He entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, (now Hertford College, Oxford, where his portrait hangs in the hall) in 1622, having been rejected by Magdalen College, and graduated BA in 1626. Intended originally for holy orders in the Church of England, the death of two elder brothers made him his father's heir, and in 1625 he entered the Middle Temple to study law. His abilities were more conspicuous than his industry, and at the bar his time was devoted more to general reading and to the society of eminent scholars and writers than to the study of law treatises.
This time was not wasted. In later years Clarendon declared "next the immediate blessing and providence of God Almighty" that he "owed all the little he knew and the little good that was in him to the friendships and conversation...of the most excellent men in their several kinds that lived in that age." These included Ben Jonson, Selden, Waller, Hales, and especially Lord Falkland; and from their influence and the wide reading in which he indulged, he doubtless drew the solid learning and literary talent which afterwards distinguished him.
In 1629 he married his first wife, Anne, daughter of Sir George Ayliffe of Grittenham, who died six months afterwards; and secondly, in 1634, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests. From this second marriage came a daughter, Anne. In 1633 he was called to the bar, and obtained quickly a good position and practice. His marriages had gained for him influential friends, and in December 1634 he was made keeper of the writs and rolls of the common pleas; while his able conduct of the petition of the London merchants against Portland earned Laud's approval.
In 1640 Hyde was returned to the Short Parliament and then again in the Long Parliament, he was at first a moderate critic of King Charles I, but gradually moved over towards the royalist side, championing the Church of England and opposing the execution of the Earl of Strafford, Charles's primary advisor. Following the Grand Remonstrance of 1641, Hyde became an informal advisor to the King.
During the Civil War, Hyde served in the King's council as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and was one of the more moderate figures in the royalist camp. By 1645 his moderation had alienated him from the King, and he was made guardian to the Prince of Wales, with whom he fled to Jersey in 1646.
Hyde was not closely involved with Charles II's attempts to regain the throne in 1649 to 1651. It was during this period that Hyde began to write his great history of the Civil War. Hyde rejoined the exiled king in the latter year, and soon became his chief advisor; Charles named him Lord Chancellor in 1658. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, he returned to England with the King and became even closer to the royal family through the marriage of his daughter, Anne, to the king's brother James, Duke of York, the heir-presumptive. Their two daughters, Mary II and Anne would each one day reign in their own right.
In 1660, Hyde was raised to the peerage as Baron Hyde, of Hindon in the County of Wiltshire, and the next year was created Viscount Cornbury and Earl of Clarendon. He served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1660-1667.
As Lord Chancellor, it is commonly thought that Clarendon was the author of the "Clarendon Code", designed to preserve the supremacy of the Church of England. However, he was not very heavily involved with the drafting and actually disapproved of much of its content. It was merely named after him, as he was a chief minister.
In 1663, the Earl of Clarendon was one of eight Lords Proprietors given title to a huge tract of land in North America which became the Province of Carolina. However, he began to fall out of favour with the king, and the military setbacks of the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 to 1667 led to his downfall. Clarendon was impeached, in part, for blatant violations of habeas corpus; sending prisoners out of England to places like Jersey, and holding them there without the benefit of trial. He was impeached by the House of Commons, and forced to flee to France in November, 1667.
He spent the rest of his life in exile, working on the History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, his classic account of the English Civil War. (The proceeds from this book's publication were instrumental in building the Clarendon Building at Oxford.) He died in Rouen on 9 December 1674. Shortly after his death, his body was returned to England, and he is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Clarendon's sons, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, were major political figures in their own right. Clarendon's two cousins, Richard Rigby, Secretary of Jamaica and his son, Richard Rigby, Chief Secretary of Ireland and Paymaster of the Army, were also successful politicians in the succeeding generations.
His daughter Lady Anne Hyde married the future James VII of Scotland and II of England, and was the mother of two queens regnant - Mary II of England and Anne of England
See also
External links
- Works by Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon at Project Gutenberg
- Essays by Edward Hyde at Quotidiana.org
- Volume 2 of The Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon by Henry Craik from Project Gutenberg
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sir John Colepeper | Chancellor of the Exchequer 1643–1646 | Succeeded by Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper |
| Preceded by Sir Edward Herbert | Lord Chancellor 1658–1667 | Succeeded by Orlando Bridgeman (Lord Keeper) |
| Preceded by The Lord Cottington (Lord High Treasurer) | First Lord of the Treasury 1660 | Succeeded by The Earl of Southampton (Lord High Treasurer) |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by Duke of Somerset | Chancellor of the University of Oxford 1660–1667 | Succeeded by Gilbert Sheldon |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by The Viscount Falkland | Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire 1663–1668 | Succeeded by The Viscount Saye and Sele |
| Vacant Title last held by The Duke of Ormonde | Lord High Steward 1666 | Vacant Title next held by The Lord Finch |
| Peerage of England | ||
| New title | Earl of Oxford 1661-1674 | Succeeded by Henry Hyde |
| Baron Hyde 1660-1674 | ||
February 18 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
..... Click the link for more information.
Events
..... Click the link for more information.
8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
December 9 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
..... Click the link for more information.
Events
..... Click the link for more information.
8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
..... Click the link for more information.
Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
..... Click the link for more information.
historian is an individual who studies history and who writes on history.[1] The person may be an authority (or expert) over history,<ref name="wordnetprinceton" /> but this is not a requirement.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Dinton is a village in Wiltshire, England. The village has good local services including two pubs, a shop with post office, a church, and a village hall. The River Nadder flows through the south of the village. There is a bus service to Salisbury that runs about 4 times a day.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Purton is a small village in North Wiltshire with a current population of about 4,000.
The village is of a linear structure, lying along the old road between the historic market towns of Cricklade (4 miles to the north) and Wootton Bassett (4 miles to the south).
..... Click the link for more information.
The village is of a linear structure, lying along the old road between the historic market towns of Cricklade (4 miles to the north) and Wootton Bassett (4 miles to the south).
..... Click the link for more information.
Not to be confused with Wilshire.
Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large English county in the South West England region of the UK.
..... Click the link for more information.
Norbury is a civil parish in the Crewe and Nantwich district of the non-metropolitan county of Cheshire. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 190.[1]
..... Click the link for more information.
Reference
1.
..... Click the link for more information.
Magdalen College (pronounced IPA: /ˈmɔːdlin/ "maudlin") is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. As of 2006 the college had an estimated financial endowment of £153 million.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hertford College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is located in Catte Street, directly opposite the main entrance of the original Bodleian Library. As of 2006, the college had a financial endowment of £52m.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Magdalen College (pronounced IPA: /ˈmɔːdlin/ "maudlin") is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. As of 2006 the college had an estimated financial endowment of £153 million.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English bar as barristers; the others being the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
LAW may refer to:
..... Click the link for more information.
- Lightweight Anti-tank Weapon, like the M72 LAW (US Army) and the LAW 80 (British Army)
- Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights (also known as LAW)
- League of American Bicyclists, formerly known as the League of American Wheelmen
..... Click the link for more information.
Ben Jonson
Ben Jonson by Abraham Blyenberch, 1617.
Born: 11 June 1572
Westminster, London, England
Died: 6 July 1637
Westminster, London, England
Occupation: Dramatist, poet and actor
..... Click the link for more information.
Ben Jonson by Abraham Blyenberch, 1617.
Born: 11 June 1572
Westminster, London, England
Died: 6 July 1637
Westminster, London, England
Occupation: Dramatist, poet and actor
..... Click the link for more information.
John Selden (December 16, 1584 – November 30, 1654) was an English jurist, legal antiquary and oriental scholar. He was known as a polymath of astounding intellectual depth and breadth; even John Milton, one of the greatest luminaries of 17th century England, hailed Selden as
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Edmund Waller, FRS (March 3, 1606 – October 21, 1687) was an English poet and Politician.
..... Click the link for more information.
Early life
He was the eldest son of Robert Waller of Coleshill, Herts, and Anne Hampden, his wife; thus he was first cousin to John Hampden...... Click the link for more information.
Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland (c. 1610 – 20 September,1643) was an English politician, soldier and author.
He was the son of Sir Henry Cary, afterwards 1st Viscount Falkland, a member of an ancient Devon family, who was lord deputy of Ireland from 1622 to 1629,
..... Click the link for more information.
He was the son of Sir Henry Cary, afterwards 1st Viscount Falkland, a member of an ancient Devon family, who was lord deputy of Ireland from 1622 to 1629,
..... Click the link for more information.
Frances Hyde, Countess of Clarendon (bapt. 25 August 1617–8 August 1667) was an English peeress and mother-in-law of King James II/VII and grandmother of Queen Mary II and Queen Anne.
Frances was a daughter and evenutal sole-heiress of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Bt..
..... Click the link for more information.
Frances was a daughter and evenutal sole-heiress of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Bt..
..... Click the link for more information.
The Master of Requests was a Great Officer of State in Scotland.
The office first appeared in the reign of James V. Its functions in Scotland (which differed from those of similar offices in England and France) included that of receiving petitions from subjects and
..... Click the link for more information.
The office first appeared in the reign of James V. Its functions in Scotland (which differed from those of similar offices in England and France) included that of receiving petitions from subjects and
..... Click the link for more information.
Lady Anne Hyde (March 1637 – 31 March 1671), daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon and his wife, Frances Aylesbury, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England and VII of Scotland), and the mother of two queens, Mary II of
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
William Laud
Archbishop of Canterbury
Enthroned 1633
Ended 10 January 1645
Predecessor George Abbot
Successor William Juxon
Born 7 October 1573
Reading, Berkshire
Died 10 January 1645
Tower Hill, London
..... Click the link for more information.
Archbishop of Canterbury
Enthroned 1633
Ended 10 January 1645
Predecessor George Abbot
Successor William Juxon
Born 7 October 1573
Reading, Berkshire
Died 10 January 1645
Tower Hill, London
..... Click the link for more information.
The Short Parliament (April 13-May 5, 1640) of King Charles I is so called because it lasted only three weeks.
After eleven years of attempting personal rule, Charles recalled Parliament in 1640, under the advice of Lord Wentworth, recently created Earl of Strafford.
..... Click the link for more information.
After eleven years of attempting personal rule, Charles recalled Parliament in 1640, under the advice of Lord Wentworth, recently created Earl of Strafford.
..... Click the link for more information.
Long Parliament was preceded by the Short Parliament. It was purged by Pride to become the Rump Parliament, dissolved by Cromwell, restored (as the Rump) twice in 1659, restored to its pre-purge state by Monck, and succeeded by the Convention Parliament.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England.
..... Click the link for more information.
Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and is the "mother" of the worldwide Anglican Communion, the oldest among its nearly 40 independent national churches.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (April 13, 1593 – May 12, 1641) was an English statesman and a major figure in the period leading up to the English Civil War.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
