Diffuse Interstitial Fibrosis

Information about Diffuse Interstitial Fibrosis

*Classification & external resources*

End-stage pulmonary fibrosis of unknown origin, taken from an autopsy in the 1980s.
ICD-10	J84.9
ICD-9	506.4, 508.1, 515, 516.3, 714.81, 770.7
DiseasesDB	31509
eMedicine	ped/1950
MeSH	D017563

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), refers to a group of lung diseases (including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), affecting the alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. The term ILD is used to distinguish these diseases from obstructive airways diseases. Most types of ILD involve fibrosis, but this is not essential; indeed fibrosis is often a later feature. Hence the term pulmonary fibrosis has fallen out of favor.

Causes

ILD may be classified according to the cause: -

Investigation

Patients with pneumocystis pneumonia can present with interstitial lung disease, as seen in the reticular markings on this AP chest x-ray

Investigation is tailored towards the symptoms and signs. Most patients have blood testing, chest x-ray, pulmonary function testing, and high resolution CT thorax.

Treatment

ILD is not a single disease, but encompasses many different pathological processes. Hence treatment is different for each disease.

If a specific occupational exposure cause is found, the person should avoid that environment. If a drug cause is suspected, that drug should be discontinued.

Many idiopathic and connective tissue-based causes of ILD are treated with prednisolone. Some patients respond to immunosuppressant treatment. Patients with hypoxemia may be given supplemental oxygen.

External links

• • [ e] Pathology of respiratory system (, )
Acute upper respiratory infections	Upper respiratory tract infection Common cold Rhinitis Sinusitis Pharyngitis (Strep throat) Tonsillitis Laryngitis Tracheitis Croup Epiglottitis
Influenza and Pneumonia	Influenza Pneumonia (Viral, Bacterial, Bronchopneumonia)
Other acute lower respiratory infections	Bronchitis Bronchiolitis
Other diseases of upper respiratory tract	Vasomotor rhinitis Hay fever Atrophic rhinitis Nasal polyp Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Vocal fold nodule Laryngospasm
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	Emphysema COPD Asthma Status asthmaticus Bronchiectasis
Lung diseases due to external agents	Pneumoconiosis (Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, Asbestosis, Silicosis, Bauxite fibrosis, Berylliosis, Siderosis) Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Farmer's lung, Bird fancier's lung)
Other, principally affecting the interstitium	Acute respiratory distress syndrome Pulmonary edema Hamman-Rich syndrome Interstitial lung disease
Suppurative and necrotic conditions of lower respiratory tract	Lung abscess Pleural effusion Empyema
Other	Pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax Mendelson's syndrome Respiratory failure Atelectasis Mediastinal emphysema Mediastinitis
see also (, )

For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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List of ICD-10 codes. The version for 2007 is available online at [1]

Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. These codes are in the public domain.

External links

Diseases Database

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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.^[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveus, "little cavity"), is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity. Mainly found in the lung, the pulmonary alveoli
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epithelium is a tissue composed of a layer of cells. Epithelium lines both the outside (skin) and the inside cavities and lumen of bodies. The outermost layer of our skin is composed of dead stratified squamous, keratinized epithelial cells.
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capillary is used to describe any very narrow tube or channel through which a fluid can pass. See capillary action for details.

Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm, which connect arterioles and venules, and are
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endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillary.
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basement membrane is a structure that supports overlying epithelial or endothelial cells.

Composition

The basement membrane consists of an electron-dense membrane called the lamina densa, about 30–70 nanometers in thickness, and an underlying network of reticular
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MeSH D005355 Fibrosis is the formation or development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to a formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue.
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silicon dioxide, also known as silica or silox (from the Latin "silex"), is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO₂, and has been known for its hardness since the 16th century.
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Asbestos is derived from a Greek adjective meaning inextinguishable. It is distinguished from other minerals by the fact that its crystals form long, thin fibers. Deposits of asbestos are found throughout the world.
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Beryllium (IPA: /bəˈrɪliəm/) is the chemical element that has the symbol Be and atomic number 4.
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MeSH D000542 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EAA) is an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts. Sufferers are commonly exposed to the dust by their occupation or hobbies.
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antibiotic is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits or abolishes the growth of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. The term originally referred to any agent with biological activity against living organisms; however, "antibiotic" now is used to refer to
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Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. In its modern-day use, it refers to cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer or the combination of these drugs into a standardized treatment regimen.
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Antiarrhythmic agents are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress fast rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
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Systemic sclerosis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 34.
ICD-9 710.1

OMIM 181750
DiseasesDB 12845
MedlinePlus 000429
eMedicine med/2076 med/3132 derm/677 ped/2197
MeSH D012595 Scleroderma
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MeSH D003882 Dermatomyositis is connective-tissue disease that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin. Its cause is unknown, but it may result from either a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction.
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Lupus Erythematosus
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 L 93. , M 32.
ICD-9 710.0

OMIM 152700
DiseasesDB 12782
MedlinePlus 000435
eMedicine med/2228 emerg/564
MeSH D008180

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 05. -M 06.
ICD-9 714

OMIM 180300
DiseasesDB 11506
MedlinePlus 000431
eMedicine med/2024 emerg/48 pmr/124
MeSH D001172

Rheumatoid arthritis (
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Atypical pneumonia is a term used to describe a disease caused by one or a combination of the following organisms:

Legionella pneumophila: Causes a severe form of pneumonia with a relatively high mortality rate, known as legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease..

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Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia caused by the yeast-like fungal Pneumocystis jirovecii (Jirovecii is pronounced "yee row vet zee eye"). The causal agent was originally described as a protozoan and spelled P.
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Sarcoidosis
Classification & external resources

Sarcoidosis in a Lymph Node.
ICD-10 D 86.
ICD-9 135

OMIM 181000
DiseasesDB 11797
MedlinePlus 000076
eMedicine med/2063
MeSH D012507 Sarcoidosis, also called
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MeSH D011658 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), also known as Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. It is one of the two classic interstitial lung diseases, the other being sarcoidosis.
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Diffuse Interstitial Fibrosis

Information about Diffuse Interstitial Fibrosis

Causes

Investigation

Treatment

External links

See also

External links

Composition