Information about Dermatoglyphics
Dermatoglyphics (from ancient Greek derma = "skin", glyph = "carving") is the scientific study of fingerprints. The term was coined by Dr. Harold Cummins, the father of fingerprint analysis. All primates have ridged skin, and it can also be found on the paws of certain mammals and on the tails of some monkey species. In humans, dermatoglyphs are present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles, and give insight into a critical period of embryogenesis, between 4 weeks and 5 months, when the architecture of the major organ systems is developing.
Genetic disorders
Unusual dermatoglyphic patterns often relate to genetic disorders.[1][2] One study of foetuses with chromosomal abnormalities showed that the dermatoglyphic patterns were delayed by more than two weeks.[3]- Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): People with Down syndrome have mainly ulnar loops, and a significantly different angle between the triradia a, t and d (the 'adt angle'). Other differences often include a single transverse palmar crease ("Simian line") (in 50%), and patterns in the hypothenar and interdigital areas,[4] lower ridge counts along digital midlines, especially in little fingers, which corresponds to finger shortening in those with Down's syndrome.[5] There is less variation in dermatoglyphic patterns between people with Down syndrome than between controls,[6] and dermatoglyphic patterns can be used to determine correlations with congenital heart defects in individuals with Down syndrome by examining the left hand digit ridge count minus the right hand digit ridge count, and the number of ridges on the fifth digit of the left hand.[7]
- Turner syndrome: Predominance of whorls, although the pattern frequency depends on the particular chromosomal abnormality.[8]
- 47, XXY (Klinefelter's syndrome): Excess of arches on digit 1, more frequent ulnar loops on digit 2, overall fewer whorls, lower ridge counts for loops and whorls as compared with controls, and significant reduction of the total finger ridge count.[9]
- Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome): Excess of arches on fingertips and single transverse palmar creases in 60%.
- Trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome) 6 - 10 arches on fingertips and single transverse palmar creases in 30%.
- Cri du chat (5p-): Excess of arches on fingertips and single transverse palmar creases in 90%.
- Noonan syndrome: Increased frequency of whorls on fingertips, and the axial triradius t, as in Turner syndrome, is more often in position t' or t" than in controls.[10]
Trivia
Dermatoglyphics, misconjugatedly and uncopyrightable are the longest English words with no repeated letters.References
1. ^ Shiono H (1986). "Dermatoglyphics in medicine". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 7 (2): 120-6. PMID 2943156.
2. ^ Katznelson M, Goldman B (1982). "Fetal dermatoglyphics". Clin Genet 21 (4): 237-42. PMID 6213324.
3. ^ Suzumori K (1980). "Dermatoglyphic analysis of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities". Am J Hum Genet 32 (6): 859-68. PMID 6449865.
4. ^ Rajangam S, Janakiram S, Thomas I (1995). "Dermatoglyphics in Down's syndrome". J Indian Med Assoc 93 (1): 10-3. PMID 7759898.
5. ^ Mglinets V (1991). "[Relationship between dermatoglyphic variability and finger length in genetic disorders: Down's syndrome]". Genetika 27 (3): 541-7. PMID 1830282.
6. ^ Mglinets V, Ivanov V. "[Bilateral symmetry of the dermatoglyphic characteristics in Down's syndrome]". Ontogenez 24 (3): 98-102. PMID 8355961.
7. ^ Durham N, Koehler J. "Dermatoglyphic indicators of congenital heart defects in Down's syndrome patients: a preliminary study". J Ment Defic Res 33 ( Pt 4): 343-8. PMID 2527997.
8. ^ Reed T, Reichmann A, Palmer C (1977). "Dermatoglyphic differences between 45,X and other chromosomal abnormalities of Turner syndrome". Hum Genet 36 (1): 13-23. PMID 858621.
9. ^ Komatz Y, Yoshida O (1976). "Finger patterns and ridge counts of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (47, XXY) among the Japanese". Hum Hered 26 (4): 290-7. PMID 976997.
10. ^ Rott H, Schwanitz G, Reither M (1975). "[Dermatoglyphics in Noonan's syndrome (author's transl)]". Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 24 (1-2): 63-7. PMID 1224924.
2. ^ Katznelson M, Goldman B (1982). "Fetal dermatoglyphics". Clin Genet 21 (4): 237-42. PMID 6213324.
3. ^ Suzumori K (1980). "Dermatoglyphic analysis of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities". Am J Hum Genet 32 (6): 859-68. PMID 6449865.
4. ^ Rajangam S, Janakiram S, Thomas I (1995). "Dermatoglyphics in Down's syndrome". J Indian Med Assoc 93 (1): 10-3. PMID 7759898.
5. ^ Mglinets V (1991). "[Relationship between dermatoglyphic variability and finger length in genetic disorders: Down's syndrome]". Genetika 27 (3): 541-7. PMID 1830282.
6. ^ Mglinets V, Ivanov V. "[Bilateral symmetry of the dermatoglyphic characteristics in Down's syndrome]". Ontogenez 24 (3): 98-102. PMID 8355961.
7. ^ Durham N, Koehler J. "Dermatoglyphic indicators of congenital heart defects in Down's syndrome patients: a preliminary study". J Ment Defic Res 33 ( Pt 4): 343-8. PMID 2527997.
8. ^ Reed T, Reichmann A, Palmer C (1977). "Dermatoglyphic differences between 45,X and other chromosomal abnormalities of Turner syndrome". Hum Genet 36 (1): 13-23. PMID 858621.
9. ^ Komatz Y, Yoshida O (1976). "Finger patterns and ridge counts of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (47, XXY) among the Japanese". Hum Hered 26 (4): 290-7. PMID 976997.
10. ^ Rott H, Schwanitz G, Reither M (1975). "[Dermatoglyphics in Noonan's syndrome (author's transl)]". Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 24 (1-2): 63-7. PMID 1224924.
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Ancient Greek refers to the second stage in the history of the Greek language[1] as it existed during the Archaic (9th–6th centuries BC) and Classical (5th–4th centuries BC) periods in Greece.
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glyph is the shape given in a particular typeface to a specific grapheme or symbol.
The term for the abstract entity represented by a glyph is character: a typographical character may be a grapheme (an element of a writing system), but also a numeral, a punctuation
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The term for the abstract entity represented by a glyph is character: a typographical character may be a grapheme (an element of a writing system), but also a numeral, a punctuation
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fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger.[1] A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm and fingers) or plantar (sole and toes) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction
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Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops. It starts with the fertilization of the ovum, egg, which, after fertilization, is then called a zygote.
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In humans, a single transverse palmar crease is a single crease that extends across the palm of the hand, formed by the fusion of the two palmar creases that people typically have.
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Turner Syndrome
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 96.
ICD-9 758.6
DiseasesDB 13461
MedlinePlus 000379
eMedicine ped/2330
MeSH D014424
Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 96.
ICD-9 758.6
DiseasesDB 13461
MedlinePlus 000379
eMedicine ped/2330
MeSH D014424
Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome
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MeSH D007713
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- Not to be confused with XYY syndrome or XXX syndrome. For the LucÃa Puenzo film, see XXY (film).
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Patau syndrome
Classification & external resources
Chromosome 13
ICD-10 Q 91.4 -Q 91.7
ICD-9 758.1
DiseasesDB 13373
eMedicine ped/1745
Patau syndrome, also known as trisomy 13
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Classification & external resources
Chromosome 13
ICD-10 Q 91.4 -Q 91.7
ICD-9 758.1
DiseasesDB 13373
eMedicine ped/1745
Patau syndrome, also known as trisomy 13
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Edwards syndrome
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 91.0 -Q 91.3
ICD-9 758.2
DiseasesDB 13378
eMedicine ped/652 Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome (named after John H.
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 91.0 -Q 91.3
ICD-9 758.2
DiseasesDB 13378
eMedicine ped/652 Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome (named after John H.
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Cri du chat
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 93.4
ICD-9 758.31
OMIM 123450
DiseasesDB 29133
MedlinePlus 001593
eMedicine ped/504
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 93.4
ICD-9 758.31
OMIM 123450
DiseasesDB 29133
MedlinePlus 001593
eMedicine ped/504
Cri Du Chat Syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome (French for Cry or..... Click the link for more information.
Noonan syndrome
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 87.1
ICD-9 759.89
OMIM 163950
DiseasesDB 29094
MedlinePlus 001656
eMedicine ped/1616
MeSH D009634
Noonan Syndrome
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 Q 87.1
ICD-9 759.89
OMIM 163950
DiseasesDB 29094
MedlinePlus 001656
eMedicine ped/1616
MeSH D009634
Noonan Syndrome
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