Information about Danube Delta

Danube Delta*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Image from the Danube Delta
State Party	Romania
Type	Natural
Criteria	vii, x
Reference	588
Region	Europe and North America
Inscription History
Inscription	1991  (15th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Danube Delta (Delta Dunării in Romanian, Дельта Дуная in Russian, Дельта Дунаю in Ukrainian), split between Tulcea County of Romania and Odessa Oblast of Ukraine, is the largest and best preserved of European deltas, with an area of 3446 km², after the Volga Delta. The delta is located around the area where the Danube River flows into the Black Sea.

World Heritage

In 1991, the Romanian part of the Danube Delta became part of the the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Around 2,733 km² of the delta are strictly protected areas.

In 1998, under UNESCO Programme on Man and the Biosphere, the 6264.03 km² of Danube Delta were established as Biosphere Reserve shared by Romania and Ukraine.

Historically, in Romania, part of Danube Delta was marked as a reserve back in 1938.

In Ukraine, the Danube branch of Black Sea State Reserve was established in 1973. In 1981 it was reorganized into Natural Reserve "Danube Fluxes", and in 1998 it was extended into Danube Biosphere Reserve.

Geography

Every year, the alluvium deposited by the Danube increases the width of the Delta by around 40 meters, making it extremely dynamic. Near Tulcea, the Danube is divided in three river branches before it flows into the Sea: Chilia, Sulina and Sfântu Gheorghe (Saint George), but many other channels split the Delta into areas with reed, marshes, islands and forests, some of which are flooded during the spring and autumn. 2,500 years ago Herodotus said that at that time the Danube had seven branches flowing into the sea instead of the three that it has today.

Currently there are two man-made navigation channels across the Danube Delta. Both of them are in the Romanian part of the delta. In 2004, Ukraine inaugurated work on the Bistroe Channel that would have provided an additional navigable link from the Black Sea to the Ukrainian section of the Danube Delta. However, the European Union advised Ukraine to shut it down, because the works may have done extensive damage to the fragile ecosystem of the Delta. The Romanian side said it may sue Ukraine at the International Court of Justice. Under the presidency of Kuchma Ukraine was responding that Romania is just afraid of competition that the new channel will bring, and was working on the channel construction. Under the presidency of Yuschenko, who visited Romania in 2005, both sides agree that professionals should decide the fate of the channel. In the long-run, Ukraine plan to build a navigation channel, if not through Bistroe Channel then through another channel.

Nature

It hosts over 1,200 varieties of plants, 300 species of birds as well as 45 freshwater fish species in its numerous lakes and marshes.

This is the place where millions of birds from different places of Earth (European, Asian, African, Mediteraneean) come to rest and eat during the migration seasons. Many others hatch here.

Inhabitants

Around 15,000 people live in the Delta, most of them are living off fishing with their traditional wooden kayaks. It includes a community of Lippovans which are descendants of the Old Rite Followers who left Russia in 1772 to avoid religious persecutions. The main center of Lippovan community in the Ukrainian part of Danube Delta is Vilkovo.

History

Starting with the 15th century, the Danube Delta was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1812, following the Russo-Turkish War the borders of Ottoman and Russian Empires were set by Kilia and Old Stambul Channels of Danube, and in 1829 by Georgievsky Channel. The Treaty of Paris of 1856 which ended the Crimean War, Danube Delta together with two districts of Southern Bessarabia was included in the Principality of Moldavia and was established an international commission which made a series of works to help navigation. In 1859, it became part of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. In 1878, following the defeat of Ottoman Empire from Russia and Romania, the border between those two was set again by Kilia and Old Stambul Channels.

See also

• History of Dobruja
• Tourism in Romania
• Volga Delta - the largest inland delta in Europe
• Ryna, a Romanian film located in the Delta.

External links

• Trips in Danube Delta
• Danube Delta World Heritage Site
• Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
• (English) Danube Delta: Photo Gallery

•  • [ e] World Heritage Sites in Romania
Painted churches of northern Moldavia Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie Mountains Danube Delta Monastery of Horezu Sighişoara Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania Wooden Churches of Maramureş

•  • [ e] Protected areas of Romania
Biosphere reserve	Danube Delta
National parks	Călimani Ceahlău Cheile Bicazului-Hăşmaş Cheile Nerei-Beuşniţa Domogled-Valea Cernei Măcin Mountains Piatra Craiului Mountains Semenic-Cheile Caraşului Retezat Rodna Vnători Neamţ
Nature parks	Apuseni Mountains Balta Mică a Brăilei Bucegi Mountains Grădiştea Muncelului-Cioclovina Iron Gates