Information about Cryptic Species
In biology, a cryptic species complex is a group of species that satisfy the biological definition of species — that is, they are reproductively isolated from each other — but which are not morphologically distinguishable. The individual species within the complex can only be separated using non-morphological data, such as from DNA sequence analysis, bioacoustics, or thorough life history studies. They can, but need not be, parapatric, quite often are sympatric, and sometimes allopatric.
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
- Gray-cheeked thrush and Bicknell's Thrush
- tapaculos
- Two-barred Flasher (suspected)
Examples:
- Puffinus puffinus group of shearwaters - not a superspecies, but the P. yelkouan group formerly contained therein is indeed one.
- Phylloscopus collybita group of leaf warblers
- tapaculos
See also
External links
- Shellee Morehead, Jon Seger, Don Feener and Brian Brown, A cryptic species complex in the ant parasitoid Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae)
| Domain or | Magnorder | |||||||
| Superkingdom | Superphylum/Superdivision | Superclass | Superorder | Superfamily | Superspecies | |||
| Kingdom | Phylum/Division | Class | Order | Family | Tribe | Genus | Species | |
| Subkingdom | Subphylum | Subclass | Cohort | Suborder | Subfamily | Subtribe | Subgenus | Subspecies |
| Branch | Infraphylum | Infraclass | Legion | Infraorder | Alliance | Infraspecies | ||
| Microphylum | Parvclass | Parvorder | ||||||
Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, "life"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge"), also referred to as the biological sciences, is the scientific study of life.
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species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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The term morphology in biology refers to the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern) of an organism or taxon and its component parts. This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function.
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DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, with the capacity to carry information.
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Bioacoustics is a cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics. Usually it refers to the investigation of sound production, dispersion through elastic media, and reception in animals, including humans.
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Life history theory is an analytical framework widely used in animal and human biology, psychology, and evolutionary anthropology which postulates that many of the physiological traits and behaviors of individuals may be best understood in terms of the key maturational and
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Parapatric speciation is a form of speciation that occurs due to variations in mating frequency of a population within a continuous geographical area.
In this model, the parent species lives in a continuous habitat, in contrast with allopatric speciation where subpopulations
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In this model, the parent species lives in a continuous habitat, in contrast with allopatric speciation where subpopulations
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Sympatric Speciation is the genetic divergence of multiple populations (from a single parent species) inhabiting the same geographic region; such that those populations become different species.
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Allopatric speciation, also known as geographic speciation, is the phenomenon where huge biological populations are physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier and evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation, such that if the barrier breaks down, individuals of the
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C. minimus
Binomial name
Catharus minimus
(Lafresnaye, 1848)
The Gray-cheeked Thrush, Catharus minimus, is a medium-sized thrush.
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Binomial name
Catharus minimus
(Lafresnaye, 1848)
The Gray-cheeked Thrush, Catharus minimus, is a medium-sized thrush.
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C. bicknelli
Binomial name
Catharus bicknelli
(Ridgway, 1882)
Synonyms
Catharus minimus bicknelli
The Bicknell's Thrush, Catharus bicknelli
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Binomial name
Catharus bicknelli
(Ridgway, 1882)
Synonyms
Catharus minimus bicknelli
The Bicknell's Thrush, Catharus bicknelli
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tapaculos are a group of small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species, found mainly in South America and with the highest diversity in the Andean regions. Three species, the Choco, the Pale-throated and the Silvery-fronted Tapculo, are found in southern Central America.
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A. fulgerator
Binomial name
Astraptes fulgerator
The Two-barred Flasher (Astraptes fulgerator), is a cryptic species complex in the spread-wing skipper butterfly genus Astraptes.
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Binomial name
Astraptes fulgerator
The Two-barred Flasher (Astraptes fulgerator), is a cryptic species complex in the spread-wing skipper butterfly genus Astraptes.
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Parapatric speciation is a form of speciation that occurs due to variations in mating frequency of a population within a continuous geographical area.
In this model, the parent species lives in a continuous habitat, in contrast with allopatric speciation where subpopulations
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In this model, the parent species lives in a continuous habitat, in contrast with allopatric speciation where subpopulations
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Cladistics is a philosophy of classification that arranges organisms only by their order of branching in an evolutionary tree and not by their morphological similarity, in the words of Luria et al. (1981).
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P. puffinus
Binomial name
Puffinus puffinus
(Brünnich, 1764)
Synonyms
Procellaria puffinus Brünnich, 1764
The Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus
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Binomial name
Puffinus puffinus
(Brünnich, 1764)
Synonyms
Procellaria puffinus Brünnich, 1764
The Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus
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Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds. There are more than 20 species of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus Calonectris and many smaller species in the genus Puffinus.
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P. collybita
Binomial name
Phylloscopus collybita
(Vieillot, 1817)
The Common Chiffchaff or simply Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
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Binomial name
Phylloscopus collybita
(Vieillot, 1817)
The Common Chiffchaff or simply Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
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Phylloscopus
Boie, 1826
Species
Some 55-60; see text.
Leaf-warblers are small insectivorous birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.
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Boie, 1826
Species
Some 55-60; see text.
Leaf-warblers are small insectivorous birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.
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ring species present an interesting problem for those who seek to divide the living world into discrete species.
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Explanation of the diagram
The coloured bar to the right shows a number of natural populations, each population represented by a different colour, varying along..... Click the link for more information.
Linnaean taxonomy is a method of classifying living things originally devised by, and named for, Carl Linnaeus although it has changed considerably since his time. The greatest innovation of Linnaeus, and still the most important aspect of this system, is the general use of
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domain (also superregnum, superkingdom, or empire) is a taxon in the highest rank of organisms, higher than a kingdom. Domain (or its synonyms) is the most inclusive of these biological groupings.
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In biology, a cryptic species complex is a group of species that satisfy the biological definition of species — that is, they are reproductively isolated from each other — but which are not morphologically distinguishable.
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kingdom or regnum is a taxon in either (historically) the highest rank, or (in the new three-domain system) the rank below domain. Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called phyla (or in some contexts these are called "divisions").
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phylum (Greek Φῦλον plural: Φῦλα phyla) is a taxon in the rank below kingdom and above class.
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division.
The main plant divisions, in the order in which they probably evolved, are the liverworts (Division Marchantiophyta), the hornworts (Division Anthocerophyta), the mosses (Division Bryophyta), the ferns (Division Filicophyta), the horsetails (Division Sphenophyta),
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The main plant divisions, in the order in which they probably evolved, are the liverworts (Division Marchantiophyta), the hornworts (Division Anthocerophyta), the mosses (Division Bryophyta), the ferns (Division Filicophyta), the horsetails (Division Sphenophyta),
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class is the rank in the scientific classification of organisms in biology below Phylum and above Order.
For example, Mammalia is the class used in the classification of dogs, whose phylum is Chordata (animals with notochords) and order is Carnivora (mammals that eat meat).
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For example, Mammalia is the class used in the classification of dogs, whose phylum is Chordata (animals with notochords) and order is Carnivora (mammals that eat meat).
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order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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In biology, a tribe—or infrafamily—is a rank between subfamily and genus, or between subfamily and subtribe, if that rank is used.
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