iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Cranberry Morpheme

In linguistic morphology, a cranberry morpheme (or fossilized term) is a type of bound morpheme that cannot be assigned a meaning or a grammatical function but nonetheless serves to distinguish one word from the other.[1] Examples in English include:
  • mit in permit, commit, and submit, from the latin verb mittere [2] meaning to give, to send
  • ceive in receive, perceive, and conceive, from the latin verb capere [3] meaning to seize
  • twi in twilight
  • spick and span in spick-and-span
  • fro in to and fro
  • cob in cobweb, from the obsolete word coppe for a spider
  • rasp in raspberry, from the obsolete word raspis for a raspberry
The canonical example is the cran of cranberry. It is unrelated to the word cran meaning a case of herrings, and though it actually comes from crane (the bird), this is not immediately evident. Likewise, mul exists only in mulberry (mul is from Latin morus, the mulberry tree). Phonetically, the first morphemes of gooseberry and raspberry also count as cranberry morphemes, as they don't occur by themselves but the spelling gives a clue to their obscure origins. Compare these to blackberry, which has two obvious unbound morphemes. The first morphemes of loganberry and boysenberry are derived from names.

Cranberry morphemes can arise in several ways:
  • A dialectal word can become part of the standard language in a compound, but not in its root, form: e.g. blatherskite, "one who talks nonsense", has Scots skite meaning "contemptible person".
  • A word can become obsolete in its root form but remain current in a compound: e.g. lukewarm from Middle English luke "tepid".
  • A compound loanword may have a recognisable native cognate for one element but not the other: e.g. hinterland is from German hinter "behind" and land "land".
  • A loanword may have one part misanalysed to a false cognate: e.g. a taffrail is a type of rail, but the word comes from Dutch tafereel "carved panel".

See also

References

1. ^ "Cranberry morpheme" from the Lexicon of Linguistics [1]
2. ^ from Wiktionary
3. ^ from Wiktionary

Wiktionary link

For other uses, see Morphology.
Morphology is the field within linguistics that studies the internal structure of words. (Words as units in the lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology.
..... Click the link for more information.
Bound morphemes are morphemes that can occur only when attached to root morphemes.

Affixes are bound morphemes. Common English bound morphemes include: -ing, -ed, -er, and pre-.
..... Click the link for more information.
English}}} 
Writing system: Latin (English variant) 
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng  
..... Click the link for more information.
For the software company, see .


Canonical is an adjective derived from . Canon comes from the Greek word kanon "rule" (perhaps originally from kanna "reed", cognate to cane) is used in various meanings.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the genus Vaccinium subgenus Oxycoccus, or in some treatments, in the distinct genus Oxycoccus.
..... Click the link for more information.
worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.


Herring

Atlantic Herring


Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia
..... Click the link for more information.
Gruidae
Vigors, 1825

Genera
  • Grus
  • Anthropoides
  • Balearica
  • Bugeranus


Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds of the order Gruiformes, and family Gruidae.
..... Click the link for more information.
Morus
L.

Species
See text.

Mulberry (Morus) is a genus of 10–16 species of deciduous trees native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and North America, with the majority of the species native to
..... Click the link for more information.
Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning 'sound, voice') is the study of the sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), and their production, audition and perception, while phonology, which
..... Click the link for more information.
R. uva-crispa

Binomial name
Ribes uva-crispa
L.

The gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa (syn. R.
..... Click the link for more information.
The raspberry (plural, raspberries) is the edible fruit of a number of species of the genus Rubus. The name originally refers in particular to the European species Rubus idaeus
..... Click the link for more information.
blackberries (singular, blackberry; genus Rubus, subgenus Eubatus; also called bramble or occasionally "bramble raspberry") are a widespread and well known group of several hundred closely related apomictic microspecies, native throughout the
..... Click the link for more information.
In linguistics, free morphemes (sometimes also referred to as unbound morphemes) are morphemes that can stand alone, unlike bound morphemes, which occur only as parts of words.
..... Click the link for more information.
R. × loganobaccus

Binomial name
Rubus × loganobaccus
L.H. Bailey

The loganberry (Rubus × loganobaccus) is a hybrid produced from crossing a blackberry and a raspberry.
..... Click the link for more information.
A boysenberry is a cross between a loganberry and a dewberry. It was discovered by Rudolph Boysen, and first commercially cultivated by Walter Knott.

In the late 1920s, George Darrow of the USDA began tracking down reports of a large, reddish-purple berry that had been grown
..... Click the link for more information.
For dialects of programming languages, see .


A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.
..... Click the link for more information.
Scots refers to the Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland. In Scotland it is sometimes called Lowland Scots or its contraction Lallans
..... Click the link for more information.
Middle English}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: enm
ISO 639-3: enm

Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066
..... Click the link for more information.
A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept whereby it is the meaning or idiom that is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself.
..... Click the link for more information.
In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common origin. They may occur within a language, such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from the Proto-Indo-European word *sker-, meaning "to cut". They may also occur across languages, e.g.
..... Click the link for more information.
hinterland is the land or district behind the borders of a coast or river. Specifically, by the doctrine of the hinterland, the word is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that owns the coast.
..... Click the link for more information.
German language (Deutsch, ] (help info ) ) is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
Folk etymology is a term used in two distinct ways:
  • A commonly held misunderstanding of the origin of a particular word, a false etymology.
  • "The popular perversion of the form of words in order to render it apparently significant"[1]

..... Click the link for more information.
Dutch}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) 
Official status
Official language of:  Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 European Union
 Netherlands Antilles
 Suriname
..... Click the link for more information.
An unpaired word is one that, according to the usual rules of the language, would appear to have a related word but does not. Such words usually have a prefix or suffix that would imply that there is an antonym, with the prefix or suffix being absent or opposite.
..... Click the link for more information.
A fossil word is an obsolete word which remains in currency because it is contained within an idiom still in use.

English language examples

  • Coign, as in 'coign of vantage'
  • Craw, as in 'sticks in one's craw' http://www.thefreedictionary.

..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter