Information about Coupling (physics)
| Coupling in science |
|---|
| Classical coupling |
| Rotational-vibrational coupling |
| Quantum mechanical coupling |
| Rovibrational coupling |
| Vibronic coupling |
| Rovibronic coupling |
| Angular momentum coupling |
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In physics, two systems are coupled if they are interacting with each other. Of special interest is the coupling of two (or more) vibratory systems (e.g. pendula or resonant circuits) by means of springs or magnetic fields, etc. Characteristic for a coupled oscillation is the effect of beat.
The concept of coupling is particularly important in physical cosmology, in which various forms of matter gradually decouple and recouple between each other.
Coupling is also important in physics for the generation of plasmas. In electrical discharges, the coupling of an exciting field and a medium creates plasmas. The quality of the coupling of an exciting field of given frequency to a charged particle depends on resonance.
See also
Rotational-vibrational coupling occurs when the rotation frequency of an object is close to or identical to a natural internal vibration frequency. The animation on the right shows a simple example.
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Rovibrational coupling is a coupled rotational and vibrational excitation of a molecule. It is different from rovibronic coupling, which involves a change in all of electronic, vibrational, and rotational states simultaneously.
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In theoretical chemistry, the vibronic coupling terms (which are neglected within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation) are proportional to the interaction between electronic and nuclear motions of molecules.
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Rovibronic coupling denotes the simultaneous interactions between rotational, vibrational, and electronic degrees of freedom in a molecule. When a rovibronic transition occurs, the rotational, vibrational, and electronic states change simultaneously, unlike in rovibrational
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angular momentum coupling. For instance, the orbit and spin of a single particle can interact through spin-orbit interaction, in which case it is useful to couple the spin and orbit angular momentum of the particle.
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Physics is the science of matter[1] and its motion[2][3], as well as space and time[4][5] —the science that deals with concepts such as force, energy, mass, and charge.
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Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as percy puddles to a one-way causal effect.
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v and A).]] A pendulum is an object that is attached to a pivot point so it can swing freely. This object is subject to a restoring force that will accelerate it toward an equilibrium position.
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An LC circuit consists of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C. When connected together, an electrical current can alternate between them at an angular frequency of
where L
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where L
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spring is a flexible elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are usually made out of hardened steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication.
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magnetic field is a field that permeates space and which exerts a magnetic force on moving electric charges and magnetic dipoles. Magnetic fields surround electric currents, magnetic dipoles, and changing electric fields.
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In acoustics, a beat is an interference between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose rate is the difference between the two frequencies.
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Physical cosmology, as a branch of astronomy, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. Cosmology involves itself with studying the motions of the celestial bodies and the first cause.
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matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects).
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Recombination may refer to:
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- Recombination (biology)
- Genetic recombination
- Carrier generation and recombination, processes by which mobile electrons and electron holes are created and eliminated
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plasma is typically an ionized gas. Plasma is considered to be a distinct state of matter, apart from gases, because of its unique properties. "Ionized" refers to presence of one or more free electrons, which are not bound to an atom or molecule.
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resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate at maximum amplitude at a certain frequency. This frequency is known as the system's resonance frequency. When damping is small, the resonance frequency is approximately equal to the natural frequency of the system, which
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coupling constant, usually denoted g, is a number that determines the strength of an interaction. Usually the Lagrangian or the Hamiltonian of a system can be separated into a kinetic part and an interaction part.
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Electrical discharges applied in a plasma source for the generation of plasmas can be classified by the frequency of the exciting field. A rough classification is:
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- Direct current discharge (DC)
- Pulsed DC discharge (kHz)
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angular momentum coupling. For instance, the orbit and spin of a single particle can interact through spin-orbit interaction, in which case it is useful to couple the spin and orbit angular momentum of the particle.
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In quantum physics, the spin-orbit interaction (also called spin-orbit effect or spin-orbit coupling) is any interaction of a particle's spin with its motion.
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