Cotyla

Information about Cotyla

The cotylae are also features on the upper extremity of ulna in birds.

In classical antiquity, the cotyla or cotyle (Gr κοτύλη) was a measure of capacity among the Romans and Greeks: by the former it was also called hemina; by the latter, τρυβλίον and ἡμίνα or ἡμίμνα. It was the half of the sextarius^[1] or ξέστης, and contained six cyathi, or nearly half a pint English.^[2]

This measure was used by physicians with a graduated scale marked on it, like our own chemical measures, for measuring out given weights of fluids, especially oil. A vessel of horn, of a cubic or cylindrical shape, and of the capacity of a cotyla, was divided into twelve equal parts by lines cut on its side. The whole vessel was called litra, and each of the parts an ounce (uncia). This measure held nine ounces (by weight) of oil, so that the ratio of the weight of the oil to the number of ounces it occupied in the measure would be 9:12 or 3:4.^[2]

Nicolas Chorier (1612-1692) observes that the cotyla was used as a dry measure as well as a liquid one, from the authority of Thucydides, who in one place mentions two cotylae of wine, and in another two cotylae of bread.^[3]

The name is also given to a type of ancient Greek vase broadly similar in shape to a skyphos.

References

1. ^ From the Carmen de ponderibus et mensuris we have the following:

"At cotylas, quas si placeat dixisse licebit

Eminas, recipit geminas sextarius unus"
2. ^ This article incorporates content from Smith's A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, a publication in the public domain.
3. ^ This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain.

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• • [ e] Pottery of ancient Greece
Wine Shapes	Krater • Kylix • Oenochoe • Skyphos • Psykter • Kyathos • Rhyton • Kantharos • Askos • Kotyle
Perfume Shapes and Wedding Shapes	Lebes Gamikos • Loutrophoros • Epinetron • Alabastron • Aryballos • Lekythos
Funerary Shapes and Cultic Shapes	Lekythos • Loutrophoros • Phiale
Storage Shapes	Amphora • Lebes • Pithos • Stamnos
Techniques	Red-figure • Black-figure • Bilingual pottery • Six's technique
Painters	List of Greek Vase Painters• Amasis Painter • Exekias • Pioneer Group • Douris • Meidias Painter
Special Topics in Greek Pottery	Typology • Kalos inscription • Symposium • Corpus vasorum antiquorum • John Beazley • Panathenaic Amphorae • South Italian

The upper extremity of the ulna (or proximal extremity) presents two curved processes, the olecranon and the coronoid process; and two concave, articular cavities, the semilunar and radial notches.
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Aves
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders

About two dozen - see section below

Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrate animals.
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Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
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Greek}}}
Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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This is a list of topics related to ancient Rome that aims to include aspects of both the ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire.

For an overview of the subject, see Ancient Rome.
For other articles not listed below, see and its subcategories.

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The term ancient Greece refers to the periods of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting ca. 750 BC^[1] (the archaic period) to 146 BC (the Roman conquest). It is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western Civilization.
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The ancient Roman units of measurement were built on the Ellenas system with Kemetian, Avram, and Kiengir influences. The Roman units were generally accurate and well documented.
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The pint is an English unit of volume or capacity in the imperial system and United States customary units, equivalent in each system to one half of a quart, and one eighth of a gallon.
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The acronym OIL can refer to:

Output Input Language
Office of Infrastructure and Logistics - Luxembourg
Ontology Inference Layer or Ontology Interchange Language, an Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web.
Oil India Limited.

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ounce (abbreviation: oz) is the name of a unit of mass in a number of different systems, including various systems of mass that form part of English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. Its size can vary from system to system.
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Nicolas Chorier (September 1 1612–August 14 1692) was a French lawyer, writer, and historian. He is known especially for his historical works on Dauphiné, as well as his erotic dialogue called The School of Women, or The Seven Flirtatious Discussions with Alosia
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Thucydides (c. 460 BC – c. 395 BC), Greek Θουκυδίδης, Thoukudídēs) was an ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War,
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Pottery in Greece has a long history and the form of Greek Vase Shapes has had a continuous evolution from the Minoan period down to the Hellenistic era. As Gisela Richter puts it the forms of these vases find their “happiest expression” in the 5th and 6th centuries
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In classifying the pottery of Ancient Greece, a skyphos (Greek: σκύφος; plural skyphoi) is a two-handled deep wine-cup on a low flanged base or none.
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities is an English-language encyclopedia first published in 1842 and then in many revised editions through 1890. Covering law, religion, architecture, warfare, daily life, and similar subjects primarily from the classicist's
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Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
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Cyclopaedia: or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (folio, 2 vols.) was an encyclopedia published by Ephraim Chambers in London in 1728, and reprinted in numerous editions in the 18th Century.
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Thanks to its hardy nature, pottery bulks large in the archaeological record of Ancient Greece, and because we have so much of it (some 100,000 vases are recorded in the Corpus vasorum antiquorum) it has exerted a disproportionately large influence on our understanding of Greek
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For the landform crater, see Crater.

A krater (from the Greek verb κεράννυμι, meaning "I mix") was a vase used to mix wine and water.
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kylix (or cylix, plural kylixes or kylikes) is a type of wine-drinking cup with a broad relatively shallow body raised on a stem from a foot and usually with two horizontal handles disposed symmetrically.
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oenochoe, also spelled oinochoe, (Gr. Οινοχόη) is a wine jug and a key form of Greek pottery. There are many different forms of Oenochoe. The earliest is the 'olpe' and has an S-shaped profile from head to foot.
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A psykter is a type of Greek pot that is characterized by a bulbous body set on a high, narrow foot. It was used as a wine cooler. The psykter would be filled with wine, and then be placed in a krater full of cold water or ice.
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Kyathos (Ancient Greek - dipper) is the name given in modern terminology to a type of painted ancient Greek vase with a tall, round, slightly tapering bowl and a single, flat, long, looping handle. Its closest modern parallel would be a ladle.
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Rhyton (plural rhyta) is the ancient Greek word (ῥυτόν rutón) for a container from which fluids were intended to be drunk, or else poured in some ceremony such as libation.
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kantharos (Greek κάνθαρος) is a type of Greek pottery used for drinking. It is characterized by its high swung handles which extend above the lip of the pot.

The god Dionysus had such a cup, that was never empty.
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Askos (Ancient Greek - tube; plural - askoi) is the name given in modern terminology to a type of ancient Greek pottery vessel used to pour small quantities of liquids such as oil.
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The lebes gamikos, or "nuptial lebes," (plural - lebetes gamikoi) is a form of ancient Greek Pottery used in marriage ceremonies. It was probably used in the ritual sprinkling of the bride with water before the wedding.
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loutrophoros is a distinctive type of Greek pottery vessel characterized by an elongated neck with two handles. The loutrophoros was used to hold water during marriage and funeral rituals, and was placed in the tombs of unmarried women.
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Cotyla

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References