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Information about Comparative Anatomy

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species).

Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are:
  1. Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent. They may or may not perform the same function. An example is the forelimb structure shared by cats and whales.
  2. Analogous structures - structures which are similar in different organisms because they evolved in a similar environment, rather than were inherited from a recent common ancestor. They usually serve the same or similar purposes. An example is the torpedo body shape of porpoises and sharks. It evolved in a water environment, but the animals have different ancestors.


The rules for development of special characteristics which differ significantly from general homology were listed by Karl Ernst von Baer (the Baer laws).

History

Edward Tyson is regarded as the founder of comparative anatomy. He is credited with determining that marine mammals are, in fact, mammals. Also, he concluded that chimpanzees are more similar to humans than to monkeys because of their arms.

See also

Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν
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Plantae
  • Chromalveolata
  • Heterokontophyta
  • Haptophyta
  • Cryptophyta
  • Alveolata

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    • Evolutionary biology is a sub-field of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time.
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    phylogenetics (Greek: phyle = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e.g., species, populations).
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    In evolutionary biology, homology is any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry. There are examples in different branches of biology. Anatomical structures that perform the same function in different biological species and evolved from the same structure
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    A group of organisms is said to have common descent if they have a common ancestor. In modern biology, it is generally accepted that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor or ancestral gene pool.
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    F. s. catus

    Trinomial name
    Felis silvestris catus
    (Linnaeus, 1758)

    Synonyms
    Felis lybica invalid junior synonym
    Felis catus invalid junior synonym[2]

    The cat (
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    whale can refer to all cetaceans, to just the larger ones, or only to members of particular families within the order Cetacea. The last definition is the one followed here. Whales are those cetaceans which are neither dolphins (i.e.
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    analogous if they perform the same or similar function by a similar mechanism but evolved separately. Similar structures may have evolved through different pathways, a process known as convergent evolution, or may be homologous.
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    Phocoenidae
    Gray, 1825

    Genera

    Neophocaena - Finless porpoise
    Phocoena - Harbour porpoise et al.
    Phocoenoides - Dall's porpoise
    The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae
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    SHARK

    General
    Vincent Rijmen, Joan Daemen, Bart Preneel, Antoon Bosselaers, Erik De Win
    1996

    KHAZAD, Rijndael

    Cipher detail
    Key size(s):| 128 bits

    Block size(s):| 64 bits
    Substitution-permutation network
    6

    In cryptography,
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    Karl Ernst von Baer (February 17 1792 - November 26 1876) was a Baltic German biologist and a founding father of embryology.

    Life

    Karl Ernst von Baer was born in Piibe manor (German: Piep
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    Edward Tyson (1650–August 1, 1708) was born at Clevedon, in Somerset. He obtained a BA from Oxford in 1670, a MA from Oxford in 1673, and a MD from Cambridge in 1677.
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    Panina

    Genus: Pan
    Oken, 1816

    Type species
    Simia troglodytes
    Blumenbach, 1775

    distribution of Pan spp.

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    monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys, two of the three groupings of simian primates, the third group being the apes. The New World monkeys are classified within the parvorder Platyrrhini, whereas the Old World monkeys (superfamily
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    Cladistics is a philosophy of classification that arranges organisms only by their order of branching in an evolutionary tree and not by their morphological similarity, in the words of Luria et al. (1981).
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    phylogenetics (Greek: phyle = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e.g., species, populations).
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