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Information about College Of Cardinals

The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. The College plays two roles in the church: Historically, they were also the clergy of the city of Rome serving the Pope as the Bishop of Rome and were assigned duties in parishes of the city. The College has no ruling power except during the sede vacante period, where its powers are still extremely limited according to the Apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis.

The Dean of the College of Cardinals and the Sub-Dean are the president and vice-president of the college. Both are elected by the cardinals holding suburbicarian dioceses, but the election requires Papal confirmation. Except for presiding, the Dean has no power of governance over the cardinals, instead acting as primus inter pares.

The Secretary of State, the prefects of the Congregations of the Roman Curia, the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, the Vicar General of Rome, and the Patriarchs of Venice and Lisbon, are usually Cardinals, with few, generally temporary, exceptions.

Choosing the Pope

Italian cardinals as percentage
+ of total College of Cardinals (1903-2005)
2005 17.09
Oct. 1978 22.50
Aug. 1978 22.80
1963 35.36
1958 35.80
1939 54.80
1922 51.60
1914 50.76
1903 56.25


Since January 1, 1971, cardinals over the age of 80 have not had a vote in papal elections, under the terms of Pope Paul VI's motu proprio' Ingravescentem Aetatem.

The rules for the election of the Roman Pontiff are stated in Universi Dominici Gregis, published by Pope John Paul II on 22 February 1996. It states that cardinals over the age of 80 on the day the see becomes vacant do not have a vote in the Papal election.

Although the rules of the Conclave explicitly say the Pope need not be chosen from among the ranks of the Cardinals (in theory any unmarried Catholic male may be elected Pope), this has been the consistent practice since the election of Pope Urban VI in 1378.

Members of the College of Cardinals

The following is the list of all 181 Cardinals as of September 19, 2007. Cardinals are shown in order of precedence, based on seniority by date of appointment. Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan is considered the most senior member of the College by length of service, as he was listed first of those surviving from the 1969 consistory. However, Angelo Cardinal Sodano, as dean of the College of Cardinals, has the highest precedence as a Cardinal Bishop.

Cardinals aged over 80 are indicated with an asterisk (*). Angelo Sodano, Dean of the College of Cardinals, will be the next to lose his right to participate in the conclave on 23 November 2007. The oldest living cardinal is currently Alfons Maria Stickler.

All but thirteen of the Cardinals alive at the death of Pope John Paul II were appointed by him. Three of those thirteen were under 80 years old as of the day of John Paul II's death. One of those three (Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger) has since been elected Pope as Benedict XVI, another one (Jaime Cardinal Sin) did not attend the resulting conclave for health reasons and died shortly afterwards, and the third, William Wakefield Baum, turned 80 on November 21, 2006. There are now a total of 180 cardinals of whom 103 are aged under 80.

There are three ranks of Cardinals: Cardinal Bishops, Cardinal Priests, and Cardinal Deacons. Almost all Cardinals are also bishops.

Cardinals of the Order of Bishops

Titular Bishops of seven suburbicarian sees Patriarchs of Oriental Rites

Cardinals of the Order of Priests

Appointed by Pope Paul VI

Consistory of 28 April 1969 Consistory of 5 March 1973 Consistory of 24 May 1976

Appointed by Pope John Paul II

Consistory of 30 June 1979 Consistory of 2 February 1983 Consistory of 25 May 1985 Consistory of 28 June 1988 Consistory of 28 June 1991 Consistory of 26 November 1994 Consistory of 21 February 1998 Consistory of 21 February 2001 Consistory of 21 October 2003[3]

Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI

Consistory of 24 March 2006

Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

Cardinal Deacons have the right to become Cardinal Priests after ten years as Cardinal Deacons, with the rare exception of Cardinals who are not Bishops. All living former Cardinal Deacons created prior to 1998 have exercised this right.

Appointed by Pope John Paul II

Consistory of 21 February 1998 Consistory of 21 February 2001 Consistory of 21 October 2003<ref name="inpectore" />

Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI

Consistory of 24 March 2006

Announced appointments by Pope Benedict XVI

Consistory of 24 November 2007[5]

It should be noted that all these appointments will not take effect until announced by the Pope in the Consistory.

Notes

1. ^ John Paul II, Ap. Const. Universi Dominici Gregis in AAS 88 (1996)
2. ^ CIC 1983, can. 349
3. ^ In 2003 Pope John Paul II announced he was also creating one cardinal secretly (in pectore), which would have taken effect if the appointment had been announced before the Pope's death. There was press speculation that it was his senior personal secretary, Stanisław Dziwisz or else resided in the mainland of the People's Republic of China. However, on April 6 2005 it was revealed by the Vatican spokesman that Pope John Paul II had not announced the name of this cardinal before witnesses prior to his death and that the appointment was therefore null.
4. ^ Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. However, as of February 2006 the Holy See recognises the Republic of China (Taiwan) as the sole legitimate government of China.
5. ^ Holy See Press Office (2007-10-17). Annuncio di Concistorio per la Creazione di nuovi Cardinali (in Italian). Press release. Retrieved on 2007-10-17.

See also

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Christianity

Foundations
Jesus Christ
Church Theology
New Covenant Supersessionism
Dispensationalism
Apostles Kingdom Gospel
History of Christianity Timeline
Bible
Old Testament New Testament
Books Canon Apocrypha
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Holy See

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Politics of the Vatican City

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Holy See

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The Pope (from Latin: papa, father;[1] from Greek πάπας (papas) = father - originally written πάππας (
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Antiquity

Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek syn(h)edrion (of which the Biblical sanhedrin was a corruption).
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Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. The term comes from Greek κληρος (a lot, that which is assigned by lot (allotment) or metaphorically, heritage).
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Comune di Roma

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Nickname: "The Eternal City"
Motto: "Senatus Populusque Romanus" (SPQR)   (Latin)
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The Pope (from Latin: papa, father;[1] from Greek πάπας (papas) = father - originally written πάππας (
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Bishop of Rome

Province Rome
Diocese Rome
Founded 1st century
Cathedral St. John Lateran
Present bishop Pope Benedict XVI
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The Bishop of Rome is the bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to as the Pope.
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A parish is a type of administrative subdivision. It is used by some Christian churches, usually liturgical churches, and also by the civil government in a number of countries (see civil parish).

Etymology

The term "Parish" derives from Anglo-Fr.
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Sede vacante is the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. It is Latin for "the seat being vacant" (the ablative absolute to sedes vacans "vacant seat"), referring to the cathedra
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apostolic constitution (Latin constitutio apostolica) is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin constitutio
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Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, 1996. It superseded Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution, Romano Pontifici Eligendo.
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The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop.
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President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a "president" is one who presides , who sits in leadership (from Latin prae- "before" + sedere "to sit"; giving the term
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vice president is an officer in government or business who is next in rank below a president. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning in place of. In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president.
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The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the suburbs that surround Rome, reserved for the highest order of Cardinals.

A Cardinal Bishop is named titular bishop of each of the sees, which have varied slightly in history but are now
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For the novel by Jeffrey Archer, see .


Primus inter pares (Latin) or First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office.
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Holy See

This article is part of the series:
Politics of the Vatican City

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Holy See

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Politics of the Vatican City

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Holy See

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Politics of the Vatican City

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Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (plu camerlenghi, Italian for "Chamberlain") refers to an official of the Papal court---either the Chamberlain of the Roman Church, the Chamberlain of the Sacred College of Cardinals, or any of various lesser dignitaries.
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Holy See

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The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese of Venice was created in 774, but it was only in 1457 that its bishops were accorded the title of the patriarch by the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, for political
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The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Patriarchate of Lisbon is one of the few western patriarchates in the Roman Catholic Church, which titles are honorary and carry no actual authority except for that of the Patriarch of Rome, the Pope.
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January 1 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1940s  1950s  1960s  - 1970s -  1980s  1990s  2000s
1968 1969 1970 - 1971 - 1972 1973 1974

Year 1971 (MCMLXXI
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Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus PP. VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978.
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The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. The College plays two roles in the church:
  • participating in papal elections when the Holy See is vacant,[1] and

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