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Information about Coleoidea

Coleoids
Fossil range: Devonian or Carboniferous - Recent
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Juvenile cephalopod from plankton
Antarctica

Juvenile cephalopod from plankton
Antarctica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Mollusca
Class:Cephalopoda
Subclass:Coleoidea
Bather, 1888
Orders


Subclass Coleoidea is the grouping of cephalopods containing all the primarily soft-bodied creatures. Unlike its sister group the Nautiloidea, which has a rigid outer shell for protection, the coleoids have at most an internal bone or shell that is used for buoyancy or support. Some species have lost their bone altogether, while in some it has been replaced by a cartilaginous support structure.

The major dividings of Coleoidea are based upon the number of arms or tentacles and their structure. The extinct and most primitive form, the Belemnoidea, presumably had ten equally sized arms, in five pairs numbered ventral to dorsal as I, II, III, IV and V. More modern species either modified or lost a pair of arms. The superorder Decapodiformes has arm pair IV modified into long tentacles with suckers generally only on the club-shaped distal end. Superorder Octopodiformes has modifications to arm pair II; it is significantly reduced and used only as a sensory filament in the Vampyromorphida, while Octopoda species have totally lost that arm pair.

Classification

References

  • Bather, F.A. (1888). "Shell-growth in Cephalopoda (Siphonopoda)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (1): 298-310. 

External links

Devonian is a geologic period of the Paleozoic era spanning from roughly 416 to 359 million years ago. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied.
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The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Ma (million years ago), to the beginning of the Permian period, about 299.0 ± 0.8 Ma (ICS 2004).
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Plankton are any drifting organism that inhabits the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. It is a description of life-style rather than a genetic classification.
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Mollusca
Linnaeus, 1758

Classes

Caudofoveata
Aplacophora
Polyplacophora
Monoplacophora
Bivalvia
Scaphopoda
Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
† Rostroconchia
† Helcionelloida
† ?Bellerophontida
The molluscs
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Cephalopoda
Cuvier, 1797

Orders

Subclass Nautiloidea
  • †Plectronocerida
  • †Ellesmerocerida
  • †Actinocerida
  • †Pseudorthocerida
  • †Endocerida
  • †Tarphycerida
  • †Oncocerida

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Francis Arthur Bather (February 17, 1863 - March 20, 1934) was a British palaeontologist.

Bather joined the Department of Geology at the Natural History Museum in 1887. He became Keeper in succession to Arthur Smith Woodward in 1924, retiring in 1928.
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order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Belemnoidea

Extinct Orders

Aulacocerida
Phragmoteuthida
Belemnitida
Diplobelida
Belemnoteuthina

Belemnites (or belemnoids) are an extinct group of marine cephalopod, very similar in many ways to the modern squid and closely related to the
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Aulacocerida
Stolley, 1919

Families

†Aulacoceratidae †Dictyoconitidae †Hematitidae †Palaeobelemnopseidae †Xiphoteuthididae

Aulacocerida is an extinct order of belemnoids.
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Sepiida
Zittel, 1895

Suborders and Families
  • †Vasseuriina
  • †Vasseuriidae
  • †Belosepiellidae
  • Sepiina

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Sepiolida
Fioroni, 1981

Families

Idiosepiidae
Sepiolidae

Bobtail squid (order Sepiolida) are a group of cephalopods closely related to cuttlefish. Bobtail squid tend to have a rounder mantle than cuttlefish and have no cuttlebone.
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Spirulida
Stolley, 1919

Suborders

†Groenlandibelida
†Belopterina
Spirulina

Spirulida is an order of cephalopods comprising one extant species and several extinct taxa.
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For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation).


Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID) are very sensitive magnetometers used to measure extremely small magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops
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Octopoda
Leach, 1818

Suborders

†Pohlsepia (incertae sedis)
†Proteroctopus (incertae sedis)
†Palaeoctopus (incertae sedis)
Cirrina
Incirrina
Synonyms

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Vampyromorphida
Pickford, 1939

Suborders

?†Kelaenina
†Prototeuthina
†Mesoteuthina
Vampyromorphina
Synonyms
  • Vampyromorpha
    Grimpe, 1917
Vampyromorphida
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class is the rank in the scientific classification of organisms in biology below Phylum and above Order.

For example, Mammalia is the class used in the classification of dogs, whose phylum is Chordata (animals with notochords) and order is Carnivora (mammals that eat meat).
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Cephalopoda
Cuvier, 1797

Orders

Subclass Nautiloidea
  • †Plectronocerida
  • †Ellesmerocerida
  • †Actinocerida
  • †Pseudorthocerida
  • †Endocerida
  • †Tarphycerida
  • †Oncocerida

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Nautiloidea
Agassiz, 1847

Orders

Palcephalopoda
  • †Plectronocerida
  • †Ellesmerocerida
  • †Actinocerida
  • †Pseudorthocerida
  • †Endocerida
  • †Tarphycerida
  • †Oncocerida

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Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagen fibers and/or elastin fibers, and can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
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Belemnoidea

Extinct Orders

Aulacocerida
Phragmoteuthida
Belemnitida
Diplobelida
Belemnoteuthina

Belemnites (or belemnoids) are an extinct group of marine cephalopod, very similar in many ways to the modern squid and closely related to the
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In anatomy, the dorsum is the upper side of animals that typically run, fly or swim in a horizontal position, and the back side of animals (like humans) that walk upright. In vertebrates the dorsum contains the backbone.
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order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Decapodiformes
Young, et al., 1998

Orders

?†Boletzkyida
Sepiida
Sepiolida
Spirulida
Teuthida
Synonyms
  • Decembrachiata
    Winckworth, 1932
Decapodiformes
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In sciences dealing with the anatomy of animals, precise anatomical terms of location are necessary for a variety of reasons. Non-scientists often wonder why zoological and human anatomists use complex terminology to describe locations on a body, when common terms like "up",
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Octopodiformes
Young et al., 1998

Orders

Vampyromorphida
Octopoda

Octopodiformes is a superorder of the subclass Coleoidea. It comprises the octopuses and the vampire squid. All members of Octopodiformes have 8 arms.
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Vampyromorphida
Pickford, 1939

Suborders

?†Kelaenina
†Prototeuthina
†Mesoteuthina
Vampyromorphina
Synonyms
  • Vampyromorpha
    Grimpe, 1917
Vampyromorphida
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Octopoda
Leach, 1818

Suborders

†Pohlsepia (incertae sedis)
†Proteroctopus (incertae sedis)
†Palaeoctopus (incertae sedis)
Cirrina
Incirrina
Synonyms

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