Information about Club Foot

This article is about the early 1980s Austin, Texas punk venue Club Foot, which should not be confused with the San Francisco punk venue of the same name and time period.

Club Foot was a large live-music venue in Austin, Texas in the early 1980s. Located downtown at the corner of 4th and Brazos Streets, it had a reputation as a punk rock venue for its support of local and touring punk bands, but it also booked a wide variety of other types of music.

Among those playing there during the approximately three years it was open were U2, Willie Nelson, R.E.M., James Brown, B. B. King, Carl Perkins, King Sunny Ade, Stevie Ray Vaughan, X (U.S. band), Burning Spear, Stray Cats, Dr. John, Big Boys, John Lee Hooker, Leon Russell, Ian Hunter, Joe Cocker, Iggy Pop, John Hiatt, Stanley Turrentine, Albert King, Blasters, NRBQ, Richard Hell, Mitch Ryder, John Cale, Delbert McClinton, The Go-Go's, The Romantics, Joe Ely, Echo and the Bunnymen, Sir Douglas Quintet, Sam and Dave, John Kay and Steppenwolf, Billy Idol, Fabulous Thunderbirds, Junior Walker, Charlie Musselwhite, UK Subs, Anti-Nowhere League, Orchestral Maneuvers in the Dark, Big Youth, Rare Earth, the Ventures, The Lift, The Standing Waves, Gun Club, Roky Erickson, Pete Shelley, The Nighthawks, Grace Jones, David Johansen, The Neville Brothers, Bobby “Blue” Bland, Sparks, Maria Muldaur, The Fleshtones, Rank and File, Edgar Winter, Flipper (band), Buddy Guy and Junior Wells, Huey Lewis and the News, Savoy Brown, Bow Wow Wow, Plimsouls, Garland Jeffreys, Mighty Diamonds, T-Bone Burnett, and Wendy O. Williams.

Club Foot published a calendar called “Footprints” that included detailed descriptions of upcoming concerts under the slogan “all the news that’s foot to print.” In 1983, Club Foot was the site of the first Austin Chronicle Readers Poll Music Awards, an annual show that has become the kickoff event for the South by Southwest Music Conference (SXSW) each year.

Club Foot was located in a two story warehouse that was partially underground, one block from 4th and Congress Avenue, behind the old Greyhound Bus Station. Today, the Frost Bank building exists on the site of both buildings.

References

• The Art of Rock by Paul Grushkin (Abbeville Press 1987) ISBN 0-89659-584-6
• Dissonant Identities: The Rock’n’Roll Scene in Austin, Texas by Barry Shank (Wesleyan University Press 1994) ISBN 0-8195-6276-9

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Classification & external resources

Clubfoot
ICD-10	M21.5, Q66.8
ICD-9	736.71, 754.5-754.7
OMIM	119800
DiseasesDB	29395
eMedicine	radio/177  orthoped/598
MeSH	D003025

A clubfoot, or talipes equinovarus^[1] (TEV), is a birth defect. The foot is twisted in (inverted) and down. Without treatment, persons afflicted often appear to walk on their ankles, or on the sides of their feet. It is a common birth defect, occurring in about one in every 1,000 live births. Approximately 50% of cases of clubfeet are bilateral. In most cases it is an isolated dysmelia. Incidence in males is higher than in females.

Causes

There are different causes for clubfoot:

• Edward's syndrome, a genetic defect with three copies of chromosome 18
• genetic causes with incidence rates increasing significantly when multiple direct family members have the condition
• external influences such as intrauterine compression from oligohydramnios or from amniotic band syndrome.
• may be associated with other birth defects such as spina bifida cystica
• use of MDMA (Ecstasy) while pregnant has been linked with this congenital abnormality^[2]

Treatments

Clubfoot is treated with manipulation by an orthopedic surgeon, podiatrist or physiotherapist. In North America, manipulation is followed by casting. The French "physiotherapy method" uses taping to maintain correction. Foot manipulations usually begin within one or two weeks of birth. Even with successful treatment, the affected foot (if unilateral) may be smaller than the other foot and that calf is frequently noticeably smaller than the normal side.

In stretching and casting therapy the doctor changes the cast multiple times over a few weeks, gradually stretching tendons until the foot is in the correct position of external rotation. The heel cord is released (percutaneous tenotomy) and another cast is put on, which is removed after three weeks. To avoid relapse a corrective brace is worn for a gradually reducing time until it is only at night up to four years of age.

Ponseti Method

Another form of correction is known as the Ponseti Method ^[3]. Foot manipulations differ subtly from the Kite casting method which prevailed during the late 20th century. Although described by Dr. Ignacio Ponseti in the 1950s, it did not reach a wider audience until it was re-popularized by Dr. John Herzenberg in 2000. The Ponseti method is successful in correcting clubfeet using non- or minimal-surgical techniques in >95% of cases ^[4] when performed by an experienced physician, usually within 12 weeks from initiation of treatment. Approximately 80% of infants require an Achilles tenotomy (microscopic incision in the tendon requiring only local anesthetic and no stitches) performed in a clinic between 6 and 9 weeks of age. Maintenance of correction may require the full time (23 hours per day) use of a splint. However, the 'Denis Browne Bar', also known as a foot abduction brace (FAB), has fallen out of favor for treatment of this condition. Part time use of a brace (generally at night, usually 12 hours per day) is frequently prescribed up to 4 years of age. Approximately 20% of infants successfully treated with the Ponseti casting method may require a surgical tendon transfer after two years of age. While this requires a general anesthetic, it is a relatively minor surgery that corrects a persistent muscle imbalance while avoiding disturbance to the joints of the foot.

The long-term outlook ^[5] for children who experienced the Ponseti Method treatment is comparable to that of non-affected children.

Watch a Video on the Ponseti Method

Famous people

Many notable people have been born with club foot, including the Roman emperor Claudius, the poet Lord Byron, statesman Prince Talleyrand, Civil War politician Thaddeus Stevens, the comedian Damon Wayans, actors Gary Burghoff and Dudley Moore, and film director David Lynch.

Kristi Yamaguchi was reportedly born with a club foot, and went on to win figure skating gold in 1992. Soccer star Mia Hamm was born with the condition. Baseball pitcher Larry Sherry was born with club feet, as was pitcher Jim Mecir, and both enjoyed long and successful careers. Pittsburgh Pirates infielder Freddy Sanchez cites his ability to overcome the defect as a reason for his success ^[6].

Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman also overcame the condition en route to a Pro Football Hall of Fame career.

The prominent Nazi Josef Goebbels was born with a right club foot (or possibly later incurred a right leg malformation caused by osteomyelitis)^[7], a fact hidden from the German public by censorship. Because of this malformation, Goebbels needed to wear a leg brace. That, plus his short stature, led to his rejection for military service in World War I.

In literature

The main character, Philip Carey, in W. Somerset Maugham's novel Of Human Bondage, has a club foot, a central theme in the work.

Hippolyte Tautain, the stable man at the Lion D'Or public house in Gustave Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary is unsuccessfully treated for clubfoot by Charles Bovary, leading to the eventual amputation of his leg.

Charlie Wilcox, the main character in the novel Charlie Wilcox by Sharon McKay has a club foot.

In Yukio Mishima's seminal novel The Temple of the Golden Pavilion the character Kashiwagi has club feet which parallels the stutter of the main character, Mizoguchi.

In the Mallorean, Senji the sorcerer has a club foot.

External links

• Steps Charity Worldwide
• Dr. Ponseti's website
• Parents Links site for clubfoot information
• Yahoo parents support group "NoSurgery4Clubfoot"
• Clubfoot Fact Sheet (March of Dimes)
• South African website with information about clubfoot for parents
• ClubFeet.net, Information and advice on ClubFeet
• Clubfootclub.org
• Clubfoot.co.uk
• The Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics at Sinai Hospital

References

•  • [ e] Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (, )
Arthropathies	Arthritis (Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) - acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) - Chondromalacia patellae
Systemic connective tissue disorders	Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease - Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) - Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Drug-induced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjgren's syndrome - Behet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility
Dorsopathies	Kyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease - Spondylolysis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Sciatica, Lumbago, Low back pain)
Soft tissue disorders	Myositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) - Synovitis - Tenosynovitis (Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) - Bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - fibroblastic (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) - enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis) - Myalgia
Osteopathies	Osteoporosis - Pseudarthrosis - Stress fracture - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone - Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis
Chondropathies	Juvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calv-Perthes syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Khler disease, Sever's disease) - Tietze's syndrome
See also conditions (Q65-Q79, )

•  • [ e] Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79, )
Limbs	Dislocation of hip/Hip dysplasia - feet (Club foot, Flat feet, Pes cavus) - axis (Plagiocephaly, Scoliosis, Pectus excavatum, Pectus carinatum) - Genu varum - Polydactyly - Amelia - Phocomelia - Cleidocranial dysostosis - Madelung's deformity - Sprengel's deformity - Arthrogryposis
Skull and face bones	Craniosynostosis (Scaphocephaly) - Trigonocephaly - Oxycephaly - Crouzon syndrome - Hypertelorism - Macrocephaly - Treacher Collins syndrome - Platybasia
Spine and bony thorax	Klippel-Feil syndrome - Cervical rib - Bifid rib
Osteochondrodysplasia	growth of tubular bones and spine (Achondrogenesis, Thanatophoric dysplasia, Short rib-polydactyly syndrome, Chondrodysplasia punctata {Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, Conradi-Huenermann syndrome}, Achondroplasia, Hypochondroplasia, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita) - Osteogenesis imperfecta - McCune-Albright syndrome - Osteopetrosis - Metaphyseal dysplasia - Hereditary multiple exostoses
Other	abdominal wall (Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Omphalocele, Gastroschisis, Prune belly syndrome) - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
See also conditions (, )