Information about Chronotropic
Chronotropic effects (from chrono-, meaning time) are those that change the heart rate.
Chronotropic drugs may change the heart rate by affecting the nerves controlling the heart, or by changing the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node. Positive chronotropes increase heart rate; however, negative chronotropes decrease heart rate.
A dromotrope affects Atrioventricular node (AV node) conduction. A positive dromotrope increases AV nodal conduction, and a negative dromotrope decreases AV nodal conduction. A lusitrope is and agent that affects diastolic relaxation.
Many positive inotropes affect preload and afterload.
Negative Chronotropes
Positive Chronotropes
Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac cycle. It is considered one of the four vital signs. Usually it is calculated as the number of contractions (heart beats) of the heart in one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm).
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The sinoatrial node (abbreviated SA node or SAN, also called the sinus node) is the impulse generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of sinus rhythm.
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A dromotropic agent is one which affects the conduction velocity of the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart.[1][2]
Agents that are dromotropic are often (but not always) inotropic and chronotropic.
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Agents that are dromotropic are often (but not always) inotropic and chronotropic.
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The atrioventricular node (abbreviated AV node) is an area of specialized tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart, which conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles.
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A lusitrope is an agent that affects diastolic relaxation.
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Preload may mean:
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- Preload (cardiology), a term used in cardiology (the study of the heart)
- preload (software), a free Linux program
- Preload (engineering), a term used in mechanical engineering to describe the load applied to a fastener merely as a result of being
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afterload is used to mean the tension produced by a chamber of the heart in order to contract. If the chamber is not mentioned, it is usually assumed to be the left ventricle. However, the strict definition of the term relates to the properties of a single cardiac myocyte.
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Beta blockers (sometimes written as β-blockers) are a class of drugs used for various indications, but particularly for the management of cardiac arrhythmias and cardioprotection after myocardial infarction.
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The chemical compound acetylcholine, often abbreviated as ACh, was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. It is a chemical transmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms including humans.
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Digoxin (INN) (IPA: /dɨˈdʒɒksɨn/[1]) is a purified cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata.[2] Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin.
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Diltiazem is a member of the group of drugs known as benzothiazepines , which are a class of calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia. It is a class 3 anti-anginal drug, and a class IV antidysrhythmic.
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Verapamil (brand names: Isoptin, Verelan, Calan, Bosoptin) is an L-type calcium channel blocker. It has been used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, and most recently, headaches.
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Ivabradine (INN) (IPA: [ɪˈvæbrədin]) is a novel medication used for the symptomatic management of stable angina pectoris.
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Metoprolol is a selective beta1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension. It is marketed under the brand name Lopressor by Novartis, and Toprol-XL (in the USA); Seleken or
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Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects.
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Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent in the heart. It is a stereoisomer of quinine, originally derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.
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Dobutamine, developed by a labratory led by Dr. Ronald Tuttle at Eli Lilly & Company, was created to sustain patients with severe heart failure. It is is a sympathomimetic drug that is a selective β1-adrenergic agonist with α1
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Epinephrine (INN) (IPA: [ˌɛpɪˈnɛfrən]) or adrenaline (European Pharmacopoeia and BAN) (IPA: [əˈdrɛnələn]
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Isoproterenol hydrochloride or isoprenaline (Medihaler-Iso®) is a sympathomimetic beta adrenergic receptor agonist medication.
It is structurally similar to epinephrine but acts for the most part on beta receptors.
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It is structurally similar to epinephrine but acts for the most part on beta receptors.
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Circulatory System is a psychedelic rock musical ensemble formed by musician/painter Will Cullen Hart, and featuring Hannah Jones, Derek Almstead, Peter Erchick, John Fernandes, and Heather McIntosh.
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Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems.
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Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system. More specifically, it addresses the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular").
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preload is the pressure stretching the ventricle of the heart, after passive filling and atrial contraction. If the chamber is not mentioned, it is usually assumed to be the left ventricle.
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afterload is used to mean the tension produced by a chamber of the heart in order to contract. If the chamber is not mentioned, it is usually assumed to be the left ventricle. However, the strict definition of the term relates to the properties of a single cardiac myocyte.
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End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in the ventricles just after systole. The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of the cardiac ejection period and immediately preceding the beginning of ventricular relaxation; a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac
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In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of filling (diastole). Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with preload
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The Frank-Starling law of the heart (also known as Starling's law or the Frank-Starling mechanism) states that the more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole (end-diastolic volume), the greater the volume of ejected blood will be during the resulting
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Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a ventricle in a minute.
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Normal Output
Cardiac output is equal to the stroke volume (SV) multiplied by the heart rate (HR)...... Click the link for more information.
Wiggers diagram is a standard diagram used in cardiac physiology.
The X axis is used to plot time, while the Y axis contains all of the following on a single grid:
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The X axis is used to plot time, while the Y axis contains all of the following on a single grid:
- Blood pressure
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A pressure volume diagram (or P-V diagram, or volume-pressure loop)[1]) is used to describe a thermal cycle involving the following two variables:
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- Volume (on the X axis)
- Pressure (on the Y axis)
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