Information about Chemical Elements Data References
Recommended values for many properties of the elements, together with various references, are collected on these data pages. Any changes to the infobox data should be checked against these pages, and/or the available references should be expanded accordingly, so that the decision for or against certain values remains transparent and easily retraceable.
References
- list of elements by atomic mass— atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name
- electron configurations of the elements (data page) — electron configuration, electrons per shell
- densities of the elements (data page) — density (solid, liquid, gas)
- melting points of the elements (data page) — melting point
- boiling points of the elements (data page) — boiling point
- critical points of the elements (data page) — critical point
- heats of fusion of the elements (data page) — heat of fusion
- heats of vaporization of the elements (data page) — heat of vaporization
- heat capacities of the elements (data page) — heat capacity
- vapor pressures of the elements (data page) — vapor pressure
- electronegativities of the elements (data page) — electronegativity (Pauling scale)
- ionization energies of the elements (data page) — ionization energies
- atomic radii of the elements (data page) — atomic radius (empirical), atomic radius (calculated), van der Waals radius, covalent radius
- electrical resistivities of the elements (data page) — electrical resistivity
- thermal conductivities of the elements (data page) — thermal conductivity
- thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page) — thermal expansion
- speeds of sound of the elements (data page) — speed of sound
- elastic properties of the elements (data page) — Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus
- hardnesses of the elements (data page) — Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness
- abundances of the elements (data page) — Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and solar system
This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by relative atomic mass, or more precisely the standard atomic weights, (most stable isotope for artificial elements) and color coded according to type of element.
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<< Chemical elements data references
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Electron configuration
Electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in the ground state. Given by subshells in concise form, by subshells written out, and by number of electrons per shell...... Click the link for more information.
<< Chemical elements data references
3 Li lithium
use 0.534 g/cm³
WEL (near r.t.) 535 kg/m³
LNG (at 20 °C) 0.534 g/cm³
CRC (near r.t.) 0.534 g/cm³
4 Be beryllium
use 1.85 g/cm³
WEL (near r.t.) 1848 kg/m³
LNG (at 20 °C) 1.
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Density, solid phase
3 Li lithium
use 0.534 g/cm³
WEL (near r.t.) 535 kg/m³
LNG (at 20 °C) 0.534 g/cm³
CRC (near r.t.) 0.534 g/cm³
4 Be beryllium
use 1.85 g/cm³
WEL (near r.t.) 1848 kg/m³
LNG (at 20 °C) 1.
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<==Chemical Reference Data Sets
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use 14.01 K -259.14 °C -434.45 °F
WEL 14.01 K -259.14 °C -434.45 °F
CRC -259.34 °C
LNG -259.35 °C
2 He helium
use 0.95 K (at 2.5 MPa) -272.2 °C (at 2.5 MPa) -458 °F (at 2.
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Melting point
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use 14.01 K -259.14 °C -434.45 °F
WEL 14.01 K -259.14 °C -434.45 °F
CRC -259.34 °C
LNG -259.35 °C
2 He helium
use 0.95 K (at 2.5 MPa) -272.2 °C (at 2.5 MPa) -458 °F (at 2.
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1 H hydrogen (H2)
use 20.28 K -252.87 °C -423.17 °F
WEL 20.28 K -252.87 °C -423.17 °F
CRC -252.87 °C
LNG -252.88 °C
2 He helium
use 4.22 K -268.93 °C -452.07 °F
WEL 4.22 K -268.
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Boiling point
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use 20.28 K -252.87 °C -423.17 °F
WEL 20.28 K -252.87 °C -423.17 °F
CRC -252.87 °C
LNG -252.88 °C
2 He helium
use 4.22 K -268.93 °C -452.07 °F
WEL 4.22 K -268.
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a) D. Ambrose, Vapor-Liquid Constants of Fluids, in R.M. Stevenson, S. Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, (1987).
- *(b) I.G. Dillon, P.A. Nelson, B.S. Swanson, J. Chem. Phys.
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<< Chemical elements data references
kJ/mol
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use (H2) 0.117
CRC (H2) 0.12
LNG (H2) 0.117
WEL (per mol H atoms) 0.558
2 He helium
use 0.0138
LNG 0.0138
WEL 0.
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Heat of fusion
kJ/mol
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use (H2) 0.117
CRC (H2) 0.12
LNG (H2) 0.117
WEL (per mol H atoms) 0.558
2 He helium
use 0.0138
LNG 0.0138
WEL 0.
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<< Chemical elements data references
kJ/mol
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use (H2) 0.904
CRC (H2) 0.90
LNG 0.904
2 He helium
use 0.0829
CRC 0.08
LNG 0.0829
WEL 0.083
3 Li lithium
use 147.
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Heat of vaporization
kJ/mol
1 H hydrogen (H2)
use (H2) 0.904
CRC (H2) 0.90
LNG 0.904
2 He helium
use 0.0829
CRC 0.08
LNG 0.0829
WEL 0.083
3 Li lithium
use 147.
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<< Chemical elements data references
J/(mol·K) J/(g·K)
1 H hydrogen (H2, gas)
use 28.836 14.304
CRC 28.836 14.304
WEL 28.82
LNG 28.84
2 He helium (gas)
use 20.786 5.193
CRC 20.786 5.193
WEL 20.
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Heat capacity
J/(mol·K) J/(g·K)
1 H hydrogen (H2, gas)
use 28.836 14.304
CRC 28.836 14.304
WEL 28.82
LNG 28.84
2 He helium (gas)
use 20.786 5.193
CRC 20.786 5.193
WEL 20.
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a - Lide, D.R., and Kehiaian, H.V., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
- *b - Stull, D., in American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edition, Gray, D.E., Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1972.
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<< Chemical elements data references
number symbol name use WEL CRC LNG
1 H hydrogen 2.20 same
2 He helium no data same
3 Li lithium 0.98 same
4 Be beryllium 1.57 same
5 B boron 2.04 same
6 C carbon 2.
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Electronegativity (Pauling scale)
number symbol name use WEL CRC LNG
1 H hydrogen 2.20 same
2 He helium no data same
3 Li lithium 0.98 same
4 Be beryllium 1.57 same
5 B boron 2.04 same
6 C carbon 2.
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42:35. give 890±40 kJ/mol. The Gmelin handbook gives a number of references for predictions of the 1st ionization energy, around 9.4 eV. (907 kJ/mol)
86 Rn radon
use 1037
WEL 1037
CRC 10.74850
87 Fr francium
use 380
WEL 380
CRC 4.
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86 Rn radon
use 1037
WEL 1037
CRC 10.74850
87 Fr francium
use 380
WEL 380
CRC 4.
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<< Chemical elements data references
number symbol name empirical † calculated van der Waals covalent triple-bond
covalent radii metallic radii
1 H hydrogen 25 53 120 37 no data
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Atomic radii
Note: All measurements given are in picometres (pm).number symbol name empirical † calculated van der Waals covalent triple-bond
covalent radii metallic radii
1 H hydrogen 25 53 120 37 no data
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<< Chemical elements data references
T 80 K (-193 °C) 273 K (0 °C) 293 K (20 °C) 298 K (25 °C) 300 K (27 °C) 500 K (227 °C)
3 Li lithium
use 10.0 nΩm 85.3 nΩm 92.8 nΩm 94.7 nΩm 95.
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Electrical resistivity
T 80 K (-193 °C) 273 K (0 °C) 293 K (20 °C) 298 K (25 °C) 300 K (27 °C) 500 K (227 °C)
3 Li lithium
use 10.0 nΩm 85.3 nΩm 92.8 nΩm 94.7 nΩm 95.
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<< Chemical elements data references
1 H hydrogen
use 180.5 mW/(m·K)
CR2 (P=0) 186.9 mW/(m·K)
LNG 0.1805 W/(m·K)
WEL 0.1805 W/(m·K)
2 He helium
use 151.3 mW/(m·K)
CR2 (P=0) 156.7 mW/(m·K)
LNG 0.1513 W/(m·K)
WEL 0.
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Thermal conductivity
1 H hydrogen
use 180.5 mW/(m·K)
CR2 (P=0) 186.9 mW/(m·K)
LNG 0.1805 W/(m·K)
WEL 0.1805 W/(m·K)
2 He helium
use 151.3 mW/(m·K)
CR2 (P=0) 156.7 mW/(m·K)
LNG 0.1513 W/(m·K)
WEL 0.
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<< Chemical elements data references
×10-6 m · m−1 · K−1
3 Li lithium
use 46
CRC 46
LNG 46
WEL 46
4 Be beryllium
use 11.3
CRC 11.3
LNG 11.3
WEL 11.
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Thermal expansion
×10-6 m · m−1 · K−1
3 Li lithium
use 46
CRC 46
LNG 46
WEL 46
4 Be beryllium
use 11.3
CRC 11.3
LNG 11.3
WEL 11.
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longitudinal, m/s transversal, m/s extensional, m/s notes
3 Li lithium
use 6000 20 °C
WEL 6000
4 Be beryllium
use 12890 8880 12870 room temperature
CRC 12890 8880 12870
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Speed of sound, solid phase
longitudinal, m/s transversal, m/s extensional, m/s notes
3 Li lithium
use 6000 20 °C
WEL 6000
4 Be beryllium
use 12890 8880 12870 room temperature
CRC 12890 8880 12870
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<< Chemical elements data references
use WEL CRC
3 Li lithium 4.9 4.9
4 Be beryllium 287 287
11 Na sodium 10 10
12 Mg magnesium 45 45
13 Al aluminium 70 70
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Young's modulus
E these molecules are used in science...i thinkuse WEL CRC
3 Li lithium 4.9 4.9
4 Be beryllium 287 287
11 Na sodium 10 10
12 Mg magnesium 45 45
13 Al aluminium 70 70
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<< Chemical elements data references
number symbol name Mohs hardness
3 Li lithium 0.6
4 Be beryllium 5.5
5 B boron 9.3
6 C carbon (graphite) 0.5
6 C carbon (diamond) 10.0
11 Na sodium 0.5
12 Mg magnesium 2.5
13 Al aluminium 2.
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Mohs hardness
number symbol name Mohs hardness
3 Li lithium 0.6
4 Be beryllium 5.5
5 B boron 9.3
6 C carbon (graphite) 0.5
6 C carbon (diamond) 10.0
11 Na sodium 0.5
12 Mg magnesium 2.5
13 Al aluminium 2.
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C1 — Crust: CRC Handbook C2 — Crust: Kaye & Laby C3 — Crust: Greenwood C4 — Crust: Ahrens (Taylor) C5 — Crust: Ahrens (Wänke) C6 — Crust: Ahrens (Weaver) U1
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