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Information about Cd154

Crystal structure of human CD40L
CD40L (CD154) molecule
Identifiers
SymbolCD40L, CD40LG, CD154
Entrez959
HUGO11935
OMIM300386
PDB1ALY
RefSeqNM_000074
UniProtP29965
Other data
LocusChr. X q26
CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF family of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen presenting cells (APC) which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In general, CD40L plays the role of a costimulatory molecule and induces activation in APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC.

Expression of CD154

CD40 ligand is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes but is also found in a soluble form. Whilst CD40L was originally described on T lymphocytes, its expression has subsequently been found on a wide variety of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and epithelial cells)[1].

Specific effects on cells

Macrophages

In the macrophage, the primary signal for activation is IFN-γ from Th1 type CD4 T cells. The secondary signal is CD40L on the T cell which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface which helps increase the level of activation. The activated macrophage can then destroy phagocytosed bacteria and produce more cytokines.

B cells

The B cell can present antigens to helper T cells. If the T cell recognizes the peptide presented by the B cell, the T cell synthesizes CD40L. The CD40L binds to the B cell's CD40 receptor which causes resting B cell activation. The T cell also produces IL-4 which directly binds to B cell receptors. As a result of this interaction, the B cell can undergo division, antibody isotype switching, and differentiation to plasma cells. The end result is a B cell which is able to mass produce specific antibodies against an antigenic target.

References

  • Parham, Peter (2004). The Immune System, 2nd Ed, Garland Science, 169-173. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1. 

External links



 •  • [ e]
Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1-50CD1 (CD1a-c, CD1d) - CD2 - CD3 - CD4 - CD5 - CD8 - CD9 - CD10 - CD11 (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) - CD13 - CD14 - CD15 - CD16 - CD18 - CD19 - CD20 - CD21 - CD22 - CD23 - CD24 - CD25 - CD26 - CD27 - CD28 - CD29 - CD30 - CD31 - CD32 - CD33 - CD34 - CD35 - CD36 - CD37 -CD38 - CD40 - CD43 - CD44 - CD45 - CD46 - CD49 (CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d)
51-100CD52 - CD53 - CD54 - CD55 - CD56 - CD58 - CD59 - CD61 - CD62 (CD62E, CD62L, CD62P) - CD63 - CD64 - CD66e - CD68 - CD70 - CD71 - CD72 - CD79 - CD80 - CD81 - CD82 - CD86 - CD88 - CD89 - CD90 - CD94 - CD95 - CD98
101-350CD106 - CD114 - CD116 - CD117 - CD118 - CD120 - CD122 - CD130 - CD131 - CD132 - CD133 - CD134 - CD135 - CD137 - CD138 - CD141 - CD142 - CD143 - CD146 - CD147 - CD151 - CD152 - CD153 - CD154 - CD155 - CD162 - CD164 - CD169 - CD184 - CD206 - CD209 - CD257 - CD278 - CD281 - CD282 - CD283 - CD304
 •  • [ e]
Cytokines: Tumor necrosis factors
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily4-1BB ligand - B-cell activating factor - FAS ligand - Lymphotoxin - OX40L - RANKL - TRAIL
Cluster of differentiationCD70 - CD153 - CD154
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of proteins and nucleic acids. This data, typically obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, is submitted by biologists and biochemists from around the world, is released into the public domain,
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and NK cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface that is called the
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Tumor necrosis factors (or the TNF-family) refers to a group of cytokines family which can cause apoptosis.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is the most well known member of this class, and sometimes the term "tumor necrosis factor" is used to refer to this specific form.
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antigen-presenting cell (APC) is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexed with MHC on its surface. T-cells may recognize this complex using their T-cell receptor (TCR).

Types

APCs fall into two categories: professional or non-professional.
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Macrophages (Greek: "big eaters", from makros "large" + phagein "eat") are cells within the tissues that originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes.
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Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.[1] This interferon was originally called macrophage-activating factor.
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CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 (after the OKT4 monoclonal antibody that
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T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and NK cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface that is called the
..... Click the link for more information.
Macrophages (Greek: "big eaters", from makros "large" + phagein "eat") are cells within the tissues that originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes.
..... Click the link for more information.
Tumor necrosis factors (or the TNF-family) refers to a group of cytokines family which can cause apoptosis.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is the most well known member of this class, and sometimes the term "tumor necrosis factor" is used to refer to this specific form.
..... Click the link for more information.
Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome, or "food vacuole." The phagosome is usually delivered to the lysosome, an organelle involved in the breakdown of cellular components, which fuses with the
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B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response that is governed by T cells. The principal function of B cells is to make antibodies against soluble antigens.
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An antigen or immunogen is a molecule that stimulates an immune response. The word originated from the notion that they can stimulate antibody generation. We now know that the immune system does not only consist of antibodies.
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T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or Th cells) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system.
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T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and NK cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface that is called the
..... Click the link for more information.
IL4, Il-4, or IL-4 may refer to:
  • Ilyushin Il-4, a Soviet World War II bomber
  • Interleukin-4, a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of activated B-cells

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Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins) are proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses.
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Immunoglobulin class switching (or isotype switching or Isotypic Commutation) is a biological mechanism that changes an antibody from one class to another, for example, from an isotype called IgM to an isotype called IgG.
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Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. They differentiate from B cells upon stimulation by CD4+ lymphocytes.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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The cluster of differentiation (CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptors or ligands (the molecule that activates a receptor) important to
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The following is a list of human clusters of differentiation (or CD) molecules.

CD1 an MHC-like molecule that presents lipid molecules
CD2 a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, T cells, and some natural killer cells that acts as a ligand for CD58 and CD59
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CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells.
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Identifiers
Symbol CD1B
Alt. Symbols CD1

Entrez 910
HUGO 1635
OMIM 188360

RefSeq NM_001764
UniProt P29016
Other data

Locus Chr.
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