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"But Iraq has—have got people there that are willing to kill, and they're hard-nosed killers. And we will work with the Iraqis to secure their future." [1]
A Bushism is any of a number of peculiar words, phrases, pronunciations, malapropisms, semantic or linguistic errors and gaffes that have occurred in the public speaking of United States President George W. Bush and, before that, of his father George H. W. Bush.[1][2] The term (a neologism) has become part of popular folklore, and is the basis of a number of websites and published books. It is often used to caricature the two presidents.

Characteristics

Some common characteristics of Bushisms include:
  • Use of words that sound similar to intended words but are either inappropriate for the context (i.e. malapropism, such as "Nucular power pants" instead of "Nuclear power plants"[3]), or completely alter the meaning of the sentence, such as using "devaluation" instead of "deflation" (which "caused confusion in the currency markets"),[4] OPEC instead of APEC,[5] or Austria instead of Australia<ref name="OPEC" />
  • Constructing neologisms such as "tacular"[6][7][8] (a portmanteau of "tactical" and "nucular") and "misunderestimated" ("misunderstood" and "underestimated")[9]
  • Occasional use of spoonerisms such as "mexed missages" (mixed messages) and "terriers and bariffs" (barriers and tariffs)[10]
  • Folksy pluralization of, or addition of articles to, familiar terms ("suiciders",[11] "Internets",[12][13] and "the Google"[14])
  • Using informal and non-standard language to describe the job of the presidency such as "I'm a commander guy"[15][16], or "I'm the decider"[17]
  • Redundancy intended to add emphasis, but obfuscate the message such as "We had a chance to visit with Teresa Nelson who's a parent, and a mom or a dad"[18] or "If you want to help, give cash money to the Red Cross and the Salvation Army"[19]
  • Change of subject mid-sentence, such as, "I am here to make an announcement that this Thursday, ticket counters and airplanes will fly out of Ronald Reagan Airport"[20]
  • Wrong word order within a sentence, such as, "give my chance a plan to work"[21]
  • Explaining the obvious, such as, "I appreciate preservation. It's what you do when you run for President, you've got to preserve"[22]
Some columnists, including the late Molly Ivins (the co-author of a book of Bushisms), have suggested that Bush may have difficulty speaking "Washington English", and that he may be trying to cover his accent by over-emphasizing words. Some have hypothesized that Bush is not familiar with some of the words that he feels he must use as a president.[23]

"Make the Pie Higher" poem

A poem composed entirely of Bushisms titled "Make the Pie Higher" has become popular on the Internet. Each line contains some sort of grammatical error, logical error, or unusual usage and is said to have been uttered by George W. Bush. Although its origin is uncertain, it has been attributed to Washington Post political cartoonist and satirist Richard Thompson. The poem has been criticized as apocryphal. However, the Urban Legends Reference Pages at Snopes.com have verified all but the line "I am a pitbull on the pantleg of opportunity" as having been spoken by Bush at one point or another during his presidency.[24] The site has also noted that the president made reference to "mential losses", not "mental losses" as the poem claims. This phrase was possibly in reference to missile launches.

Other Bushisms

  • "We need an energy bill that encourages consumption."[25]
  • "Rarely is the question asked, is our childrens learning?"[25][26]
  • "I know the human being and fish can coexist peacefully."[25][26]
  • "Our enemies are innovative and resourceful, and so are we. They never stop thinking about new ways to harm our country and our people, and neither do we."[25][27]
  • "The United States is engaged in a war ... with a uhhh extremist group of folks."[25][28]
  • "Make no mistake about it, I understand how tough it is, sir. I talk to families who die."[25][29]
  • "I think that the vice president is a person reflecting a half-glass-full mentality."[25][30]
  • "You're working hard to put food on your family."[30][31]
  • "Too many good doctors are getting out of the business. Too many OB/GYNs aren't able to practice their love with women all across the country."[25][32]
  • "Families are where our nation finds hope, where wings take dream."[25][33]
  • "This is still a dangerous world. It's a world of madmen and uncertainty and potential mential losses."[33][24]
  • "The best way to defeat the enemy in the long run is to deny them the recruiting tools and ugh- recruit-e-ments, made possible, make capable by resentment. [34][35]
  • "You teach a child to read, and he or her will be able to pass a literacy test."[36][37]
  • "Childrens do learn." [38]

See also

References

1. ^ Bines, Jonathan ; Editors of the New Republic (May 1992). Bushisms: President George Herbert Walker Bush in His Own Words. Workman Pub Co. ISBN 1-56305-318-7. 
2. ^ George H.W. Bushisms. About: Political Humor. Retrieved on 2007-03-24.
3. ^ G.W. Bush. Speech Chicago, Illinois (September 30 2003).
4. ^ Bush gaffe hits yen. BBC (2002-02-18). Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
5. ^ "APEC? OPEC? Thanks Austria". The Herald Sun (September 7,2007).
6. ^ Dana Milbank (May 5 2000). What's on W's Mind? Hard To Say.. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
7. ^ Nancy Gibbs (Feb 14 2000). McCain's Moment. Time. Retrieved on 2007-04-03.
8. ^ Ben Fenton (Feb 4 2000). Bush image damaged by his slips of the tongue. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
9. ^ G.W. Bush. Speech Bentonville, Arkansas (November 6 2000).
10. ^ G.W. Bush. Speech Rochester, New York (January 7 2001).
11. ^ President Bush and Prime Minister Ehud Olmert of Israel Participate in Joint Press Availability. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (May 23 2006).
12. ^ Transcript of the third Gore-Bush presidential debate. Commission on Presidential Debates (2000-10-17). Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
13. ^ Transcript of the second Bush-Kerry presidential debate. Commission on Presidential Debates (2004-10-08). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
14. ^ Bush says he uses “the Google”. Interview with CNBC]'s Maria Bartiromo.]. Think Progress (2006-10-23). Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
15. ^ President Bush Discusses War on Terror, Economy with Associated General Contractors of America. The White House (May 2007).
16. ^ The official White House transcript states that President Bush said "a commander guy" but numerous reporters and the official stenographer at the event quote him as saying "the commander guy." See: Bush is A commander guy, not THE commander guy. Reuters (May 4, 2007).
17. ^ Bush: 'I'm the decider' on Rumsfeld. CNN (April 18, 2006).
18. ^ President Bush Discusses the "No Child Left Behind Act" in Florida. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Sept 9 2003). Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
19. ^ White House Press Conference (September 2, 2005).
20. ^ President Opens Reagan National Airport. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Oct 2 2001). Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
21. ^ Bush ism on Charlie Rose - "Give my chance a plan to work". Retrieved on 2007-05-02.
22. ^ Remarks by the President at the Radio-Television Correspondents Association 57th Annual Dinner. Retrieved on 2007-05-02.
23. ^ Kathleen Parker (August 23, 2006). Intellectually curious George. Townhall.com. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
24. ^ Make the Pie Higher!. Snopes.com (2002). Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
25. ^ Jacob Weisberg. The Complete Bushisms. Slate Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-03-22.
26. ^ Remarks by the President at the Radio-Television Correspondents Association 57th Annual Dinner. Office of the Press Secretary (March 29, 2001). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
27. ^ President Signs Defense Bill. Office of the Press Secretary (August 5, 2004). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
28. ^ Insurgents Launch Attacks on Shiite Pilgrims as They Celebrate Holy Day; Iraq Strategy; Story of a Champion. CNN (January 30, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
29. ^ President Bush Meets with British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Office of the Press Secretary (December 7, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
30. ^ Insurgents Launch Attacks on Shiite Pilgrims as They Celebrate Holy Day; Iraq Strategy; Story of a Champion. CNN (January 30, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
31. ^ George W. Bush. Speech Nashua, N.H., USA (Jan. 27, 2000). Retrieved on 2007-03-28
32. ^ President's Remarks at a Victory 2004 Rally in Poplar Bluff, Missouri. Office of the Press Secretary (September 6, 2004). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
33. ^ George W. Bush. Speech LaCrosse, Wisconsin, USA (Oct. 18, 2000).
34. ^ Remarks by the President on Teaching American History and Civic Education, East Literature Magnet School, Nashville, Tennessee. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (September 17 2002). Retrieved on 2007-01-31.
35. ^ Bushism Video: Fool Me Once. About:Political Humor. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
36. ^ The 50 Dumbest Things President Bush Said in His First Term. Retrieved on 2007-03-22.
37. ^ President Bush speaks at Townsend Elementary School in Tennessee. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (February 21, 2001). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
38. ^ Bush: No Child Left Behind Is Working. Washington Post Newspaper (September 26 2007).

Related linguistic elements

Further reading

External links

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George W. Bush
Life and politicsEarly life Professional life Governor of Texas Presidency (First Term Second Term)
PoliciesForeign policy Domestic policy Bush Doctrine Economic policy Compassionate conservatism
PerceptionsPublic perception Bushisms Criticism Movement to impeach Fictionalized portrayals As the subject of books and films
A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together, and has a phonetical value. Typically a word will consist of a root or stem and zero or more affixes.
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In grammar, a phrase is a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence.

For example the house at the end of the street (example 1) is a phrase. It acts like a noun.
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Pronunciation refers to:
  • the way a word or a language is usually spoken;
  • the manner in which someone utters a word.

Introduction

A word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as:

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A malapropism is the incorrect use of a word by substituting a similar-sounding word with different meaning, usually with comic effect.

Etymology

The word malapropos
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George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. Bush was first elected in the 2000 presidential election, and reelected for a second term in the 2004 presidential election.
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neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created ("coined") — often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary.
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caricature is either a portrait that exaggerates or distorts the essence of a person or thing to create an easily identifiable visual likeness, or in literature, a description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others.
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A malapropism is the incorrect use of a word by substituting a similar-sounding word with different meaning, usually with comic effect.

Etymology

The word malapropos
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Nucular is a metathesis of the word nuclear which represents the 'NEW-cue-lerr' ( IPA [ˈn(j)uːkjə.
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Devaluation is a reduction in the value of a currency with respect to other monetary units. In common modern usage, it specifically implies an official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange rate system, by which the monetary authority formally sets a
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Deflation is a decrease in the general price level over a period of time. Deflation is the opposite of inflation. For economists especially, the term has been and is sometimes used to refer to a decrease in the size of the money supply (as a proximate cause
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The principal aim of the organization, according to its Statute, is the determination of the best means for safeguarding their interests, individually and collectively; devising ways and means of ensuring the
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Headquarters
(and largest city)
Type Economic forum
Member countries 21
Leaders
 -  Executive Director  Colin S. Heseltine
Establishment 1989
Website
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The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (
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Anthem
Land der Berge, Land am Strome   (German)
Land of Mountains, Land on the River
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]


Capital Canberra

Largest city Sydney
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neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created ("coined") — often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary.
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A portmanteau (IPA: /pɔərtˈmæntoʊ/) is a word or morpheme that fuses two or more words or word parts to give a combined or loaded meaning.
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Nucular is a metathesis of the word nuclear which represents the 'NEW-cue-lerr' ( IPA [ˈn(j)uːkjə.
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"Internets" is a Bushism-turned-catch phrase used humorously to portray the speaker as ignorant about the Internet or about technology in general, or as having a provincial or folksy attitude toward technology (in a similar fashion to portrayals of rednecks referring to television
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Google Inc.

Public (NASDAQ:  GOOG ), (LSE:  GGEA )
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Key people Eric E.
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Mary Tyler "Molly" Ivins (August 30 1944 – January 31 2007) was a liberal American newspaper columnist, political commentator, and best-selling author from Austin, Texas.
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Poetry (from the Greek "ποίησις", poiesis, a "making" or "creating") is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible
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The September 22, 2005 front page of
The Washington Post
Type Daily newspaper
Format Broadsheet

Owner Washington Post Company
Editor Leonard Downie, Jr.
Founded 1877
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Washington, D.C.
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worldwide view of the subject.
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An editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon
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Satire (from Latin satura, not from the Greek mythological figure satyr[1]) is a literary genre, chiefly literary and dramatic, in which human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision,
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Richard Thompson is a cartoonist who has also worked as an illustrator. His cartoon Richard's Poor Almanac appears weekly (usually on Saturdays) in The Washington Post Style section, and his comic strip Cul-de-Sac
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Apocrypha (from the Greek word ἀπόκρυφα, meaning "those having been hidden away"[1]) are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned.
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