Brunner's Glands

Information about Brunner's Glands



Section of duodenum of cat. (Duodenal glands in submucosa labeled at right, fourth from the top.)
Latin	glandulae duodenales
	subject #248 1176
Dorlands/Elsevier	g_06/12392383

Brunner's glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular submucosal glands located throughout the duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce an alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate) in order to:

protect the duodenum from the acidic content of chyme (which is introduced into the duodenum from the stomach);
provide an alkaline condition for the intestinal enzymes to be active, thus enabling absorption to take place;
lubricate the intestinal walls.

They are also the distinguishing feature of the duodenum.

Human brunner's gland

External links

duodenal+glands at eMedicine Dictionary
Histology at BU 11504loa - "Digestive System: Alimentary Canal: pyloro/duodenal junction, duodenum"
Histology at BU 11513loa - "Digestive System: Alimentary Canal: pyloro/duodenal junction"
Histology at BU 11609loa - "Digestive System: Alimentary Canal: duodenum, plicae circularis"
Histology at OU 52_06
Histology at USC gi/c_36
Histology at USC gi/c_39

• • [ e] Digestive system, physiology: gastrointestinal physiology
Enteric nervous system	Meissner's plexus - Auerbach's plexus
Exocrine	Chief cells (Pepsinogen) - Parietal cells (Gastric acid, Intrinsic factor) - Goblet cells (Mucus)
Endocrine/paracrine	G cells (gastrin), D cells (somatostatin) - ECL cells (Histamine) - enterogastrone: I cells (CCK), K cells (GIP), S cells (secretin)
Border	Brunner's glands - Paneth cells - Enterocytes
Fluids	Saliva - Bile - Intestinal juice - Gastric juice - Pancreatic juice
Processes	Swallowing - Vomiting - Peristalsis (Interstitial cell of Cajal) - Migrating motor complex - Borborygmus - Gastrocolic reflex - Segmentation contractions - Defecation

In anatomy of the digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It is the first and shortest part of the small intestine and it is where most chemical digestion takes place.
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F. s. catus

Trinomial name
Felis silvestris catus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms
Felis lybica invalid junior synonym
Felis catus invalid junior synonym^[2]

The cat (
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Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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In the gastrointestinal tract, the submucosa is the layer of loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle).
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gland is an organ in an animal's body that synthesizes a substance for release such as hormones, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
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bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.

Chemical properties

The bicarbonate ion (hydrogen carbonate) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO₃
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Chyme, also known as Chymus is the liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid,
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In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. The word stomach is derived from the Latin stomachus, which derives from the Greek word
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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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Boston University (BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Although chartered by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1869, Boston University traces its roots to the establishment of the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury,
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University of Oklahoma, abbreviated OU, is a coeducational public research university located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma.
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Yearbook = El Rodeo
Nickname Trojans
Men/Women of Troy
Mascot Traveler
Fight song Fight On
Athletics 19 varsity teams,
NCAA Division I
Affiliations AAU
Pac-10
Nobel laureates 1
Website www.usc.edu , www.usctrojans.
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The digestive system is the organ system that breaks down and absorbs nutrients that are essential for growth and maintenance. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, (intestines), rectum, and anus.
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Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems.
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Gastrointestinal physiology is a branch of human physiology addressing the physical function of the gastrointestinal system.

peristalsis

muscularis mucosae
muscularis externa

gastric hormones

Hormone Source Description
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enteric nervous system (ENS) is the part of the nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. It is capable of autonomous functions such as the coordination of reflexes, although it receives considerable innervation from the autonomic nervous system and
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plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus, Submucous plexus, submucosal plexus) is derived, and is formed by branches which have perforated the circular muscular fibers.
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Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa.
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A gastric chief cell (or peptic cell, or gastric zymogenic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and rennin.

It works in conjunction with the parietal cell which releases gastric acid, converting the pepsinogen into pepsin.
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Pepsin is a digestive protease (EC 3.4.23.1 ) released by the chief cells in the stomach that functions to degrade food proteins into peptides.

According to American Heritage Dictionary, pepsin derives from the Greek word pepsis, meaning digestion (
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Parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) are the stomach epithelium cells which secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor.

Acid production

Parietal cells produce gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) in response to histamine (via H₂
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Gastric acid is one of the main secretions of the stomach, together with several enzymes and intrinsic factor. Chemically it is an acid solution consisting mainly of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and small quantities of potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
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Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ later on in the terminal ileum.
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Goblet cells are glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete mucus.

The majority of the cell's cytoplasm is occupied by mucinogen granules, except at the bottom.
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highly specialized aspect of its associated subject.
Please help [ improve this article] by adding more general information.

Mucus is a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body.
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