Brennus (4th Century)

Information about Brennus (4th Century)

For other persons of the same name, see Brennus.

Brennus (or Brennos) was a chieftain of the Senones, a Gallic tribe of the Adriatic coast of Italy, who in 387 BC, in the Battle of the Allia, led an army of Cisalpine Gauls in their attack on Rome. It has been theorized that Brennus is actually a title rather than a name.

The Senones captured the entire city of Rome except for the Capitoline Hill, which was successfully held against them. However, seeing their city devastated, the Romans attempted to buy their salvation from Brennus. The Romans agreed to pay one thousand pounds weight of gold. According to legend, during a dispute over the accuracy of the weights used to measure the ransom of gold Brennus demanded, he threw his sword upon the scales and uttered the famous quote "Vae victis", which translates to "woe to the vanquished".

The argument over the weights had delayed Brennus, so that the exiled dictator Marcus Furius Camillus appeared with an army and refused to allow him to take the gold. In an initial battle through Rome's streets, the Gauls were ejected from the city and in a second battle away from the city, Camillus defeated the invaders, earning the title of the 'Second Founder of Rome' and 'Pater Patriae' for saving the city.

Some historical accounts say that Senones besieging the Capitoline Hill were afflicted with an illness and thus were in a weakened state when they took the ransom for Rome. This is plausible as dysentery and other sanitation issues have incapacitated/killed large numbers of combat soldiers up until and including modern times.

It has been theorized that Brennus was working in concert with Dionysius of Syracuse, who sought to control all of Sicily. Rome had strong allegencies with Messana, a small city state in north west Sicily, which Dionysius wanted to control. With Rome's army pinned down by Brennus' efforts Dionysius led a campaign which ultimately failed. Brennus may have been paid twice to sack Rome.

A famous depiction is the academic painting Le Brenn et sa part de butin (1893) by Paul Jamin that shows the Brennus viewing his share of spoils after the looting of Rome.

References

Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 5.34-49
Diodorus Siculus, Library 14.113-117
Plutarch, Camillus 15-30
Polybius, Histories 2.18
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 13.6-12

Brennus (or Brennos) is the name of two Gaulish chieftains famous in ancient history:

Brennus (4th century BC)
Brennus (3rd century BC)

Etymology

The recurrence of the name Brennus make it likely that it was a title rather than a proper name.
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tribal chief is the leader of a tribe, or the head of a tribal form of self-government.

The notion of a "tribal chief" is rather vague and arbitrary; neither chief nor tribe
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For the town in France, see Senones, Vosges.

The Senones were a Gallic people of Gallia Celtica, who in the time of Julius Caesar inhabited the district which now includes the departments of Seine-et-Marne, Loiret and Yonne.

From 53-51 B.C.
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Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of
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4th century BC - 3rd century BC
410s BC 400s BC 390s BC - 380s BC - 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC
390 BC 389 BC 388 BC - 387 BC - 386 BC 385 BC 384 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states

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Battle of the Allia was a battle of the first Gallic invasion of Italy. The battle was fought near the Allia river: the defeat of the Roman army opened the route for the Gauls to sack Rome. It was fought in 390/387 BCE.
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Cisalpine Gaul (Latin: Gallia Cisalpina, meaning "Gaul on this side of the Alps") was the Roman name for a geographical area (later a province of the Roman Republic), in the territory of modern-day northern Italy (including Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria,
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Comune di Roma

Flag
Seal
Nickname: "The Eternal City"
Motto: "Senatus Populusque Romanus" (SPQR) (Latin)
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The Capitoline Hill,
one of the seven hills of Rome
In Latin / Italian Capitolinus mons /
il Campidoglio or Monte Capitolino
Rione Campitelli
Buildings
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Vae victis (IPA /waiː wIktiːs/) is Latin for "Woe to the vanquished" or also "Woe to the conquered". (This is the plural form - the singular is Vae victo).
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Marcus Furius Camillus (ca. 446- 365 BC) was a Roman soldier and statesman of patrician descent. According to Livy, he was censor in 403 BC, triumphed four times, was five times dictator, and was honoured with the title of Second Founder of Rome.
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Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae), also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latin honorific meaning "Father of the Fatherland."

Roman history

Like all official titles of the Roman Republic and Principate, the honor of being called
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Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is frequent, small-volume, severe diarrhea that shows blood in the feces along with intestinal cramping and tenesmus (painful straining to pass stool).
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The name Dionysius of Syracuse can refer to:

Dionysius I of Syracuse, the tyrant of the Greek city of Syracuse from 405 BC to 367 BC. He was the father of Dionysius II.

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Regione Autonoma Siciliana

Map highlighting the location of Sicilia in Italy

Capital Palermo
President Salvatore Cuffaro
(UDC-CdL)
Provinces Agrigento
Caltanissetta
Catania
Enna
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Country Italy
Region Sicily
Province Messina (ME)
Mayor Francantonio Genovese

Area km
Population
- Total (as of 1 January 2005)
- Density /km
Time zone CET, UTC+1
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Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies or universities.

Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des beaux-arts, which practiced under the movements of
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 - 1893 - 1894 1895 1896

:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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Paul Joseph Jamin (February 9 1853 in Paris - July 10, 1903 in Paris) was a French painter of the Academic Classicism school. He was the son of the renowned physician Jules Jamin. He married Augustine Marie Caroline Bastien in 1882, with whom he had four children.
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Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC–AD 17^[1]), known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental History of Rome, Ab Urbe condita
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Diodorus Siculus (Greek Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης), ca. 90 BC– ca.
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Plutarch
Mestrius Plutarchus
Πλούταρχο?

Parallel Lives, Amyot translation, 1565
Born: Circa 46 AD
Chaeronea, Boeotia
Died: Circa 120 AD
Delphi, Phocis
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Polybius (ca. 203–120 BC, Greek Πολύβιος) was a Greek historian of the Mediterranean world famous for his book called The Histories or The Rise of the Roman Empire,
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Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Halicarnassus c. 60 BC–after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Caesar Augustus.

Life