Information about Bono
Paul David Hewson (born 10 May 1960), known as Bono, is the lead singer and principal lyricist of the Irish rock band U2.[] Bono was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, and attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School where he met his wife, Ali Hewson, and the future members of U2.[]<ref name="Bono on Bono" />[] Since that time he has been referred to as Bono, his stage and nickname, by his family and fellow band members.<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> Almost all U2 lyrics are written by Bono and he often writes using political, social and religious themes.[0][0] During their early years, Bono's lyrics partly contributed to U2's rebellious tone.[0] Later the lyrics became more personal inspired by experiences of members of U2.[0]<ref name="Bono on Bono" />
Bono has taken part in several other endeavors outside of U2 and has collaborated and recorded with numerous artists.[0]<ref name="CASH" /><ref name="HPRESSBONO" /> He has also participated in different business ventures. Bono sits on the board of Elevation Partners and has refurbished and now owns a hotel with fellow band member, The Edge.[0][0] Bono is also widely known for his activism concerning Africa, for which he co-founded DATA.[0] He has organized and played in several benefit concerts and has met with several, influential politicians throughout his lifetime.[0][0][0] He is furthermore the co-founder of EDUN, the ONE Campaign and Product Red.<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> Bono has been the subject of both substantial praise and criticism due to his activism and involvement with U2.[0][0]<ref name="tax shelter" /> Among numerous awards and nominations, Bono has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, was granted an honorary knighthood by the United Kingdom, and was named as a Person of the Year by Time.[0][0][0]
Bono is almost never seen in public without wearing sunglasses. During a Rolling Stone interview he stated:
Bono attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School, a multi denominational school in Clontarf. During his childhood and adolescence, Bono and his friends were part of a surrealist street gang called "Lypton Village," which had a ritual of nickname-giving. He had several names: first, he was "Steinvic von Huyseman", then just "Huyseman", then "Houseman", then "Bon Murray", "Bono Vox of O'Connell Street", and finally just "Bono".[9]
"Bono Vox" is an alteration of Bonavox, a brand of hearing aid. The phrase in Latin translates to "good voice". "Bona Vox" was the name of a hearing aid shop they regularly passed in Dublin. It is said he was nicknamed "Bono Vox" after the shop by his friend Gavin Friday, of later Virgin Prunes fame, because he sang so loudly he seemed to be singing for the deaf. Initially, Bono did not like this name. However, when he learned it loosely translated to "good voice", he accepted it. Hewson has been known as "Bono" since the late seventies, even before formation of U2. Although he uses Bono as his stage name, close family and friends also refer to him as Bono, including his wife and fellow band members.<ref name="Bono on Bono" />
In 1976, Bono responded to an advertisement by fellow student Larry Mullen Jr. to form a rock band, as did The Edge (David Howell Evans), Dick Evans, and Adam Clayton. After Dick (nicknamed 'Dik') Evans left the group, the remaining four officially changed the name from "The Hype" to "U2". Initially Bono sang, played guitar, and wrote the band's songs. When The Edge's guitar playing improved, Bono was relegated mostly to the microphone, although he occasionally still plays rhythm guitar and harmonica.
Bono writes the lyrics for almost all U2 songs, often rich in social and political themes.[10] Frequently his lyrics allude to a religious connection or meaning, evident in songs such as "Gloria" from the band's album October and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", from the The Joshua Tree album.[11] During the band's early years, Bono was known for his rebellious tone which turned to political anger and rage during the band's War, The Joshua Tree and Rattle and Hum eras.[0] Following the Enniskillen bombing that left 11 dead and 63 injured on 8 November 1987, the Provisional IRA paramilitaries threatened to kidnap Bono. IRA supporters also attacked a vehicle carrying the band members. These acts were in response to his speech condemning the Remembrance Day Bombing during a live performance of "Sunday Bloody Sunday".<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> The singer had been advised to cut his on-stage outburst from the Rattle and Hum film, but it was left in.[12]
U2's sound and focus dramatically changed with their next album, Achtung Baby. Bono's lyrics became more personal, inspired by experiences related to the private lives of the members of the band.[0]<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> During the band's Zoo TV Tour several of his stage personas were showcased; these included "The Fly", a stereotypical rock star, the "Mirror Ball Man", a parody of American televangelists, and "Mr. MacPhisto", a combination of a corrupted rock star and the Devil.[0]<ref name="Bono on Bono" />
During performances he attempts to interact with the crowd as often as possible and is known for pulling audience members onto the stage or moving himself down to the physical level of the audience.<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> This has happened on several occasions including at the Live Aid concert in 1985 where he leapt off the stage, over a security barricade to the floor of the arena, and pulled a woman from the crowd to dance with her as the band played "Bad", and in 2005 during U2's Vertigo Tour stop in Chicago, where he pulled a boy onto the stage during the song "An Cat Dubh / Into the Heart".<ref name="Bono on Bono" />[13]
Bono has won numerous awards with U2, including 22 Grammy awards and a Golden Globe award for best original song, "The Hands That Built America" for the film Gangs of New York.[14][15] In 2005, the U2 band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in their first year of eligibility.[16]
In 1992, together with The Edge, Bono bought and refurbished Dublin's two-star 70-bedroom Clarence Hotel and converted it into a five-star 49-bedroom hotel.[37] The Edge and Bono have also recorded several songs together, exclusive of the band. They have also been working on penning the score for the upcoming Spider-Man Musical.[38] Bono is on the board of the Elevation Partners private equity firm, which attempted to purchase Eidos Interactive in 2005 and has since gone on to invest in other entertainment businesses.[39][40] Bono is a known Celtic F.C. fan,[40] and in 1998 it was rumored that Bono was going to buy shares in the Scottish club.[41] However, it was reported on 28 April 1998 that this was not the case with Bono saying "it's rubbish. I've been to a couple of games and I'm a fan, but I've got no financial connections."[42]
In May 2007, MTV reported that Bono is working on a collection of poetry entitled "Third Rail".[43] Bono said the poetry is inspired by rock music. The book's foreward gives detail of the meanings of the poetry, saying "The poets who fill the pews here have come to testify, to bear witness to the mysterious power of rock and roll...Rock and roll is truly a broad church, but each lights a candle to their vision of what it is."[43] The collection, which is edited by poet Jonathan Wells, contains titles such as "Punk Rock You're My Big Crybaby," "Variation on a Theme by Whitesnake" and "Vince Neil Meets Josh in a Chinese Restaurant in Malibu (After Ezra Pound)."[43] Bono plays the character of "Dr. Robert" in the musical film, Across the Universe.[44]
Bono has invested in the Forbes Media group in the US through his private equity investment firm Elevation Partners. Elevation Partners became the first outsider to invest in the company, taking a minority stake in Forbes Media LLC, a new company encompassing the 89-year-old business which includes Forbes magazine, the Forbes.com website and other assets. The terms of the deal were not disclosed, but reports said the stake was worth about €194 million ($250m).[45]
Bono and U2 performed on Amnesty's Conspiracy Of Hope tour of the United States in 1986 alongside Sting.[47] U2 also performed in the Band Aid and Live Aid projects organized by Bob Geldof.[48] In 1984, Bono sang on the Band Aid single "Do They Know it's Christmas?/Feed the World" (a role that was reprised on the 2004 Band Aid 20 single of the same name).[49] Geldof and Bono later collaborated to organize the 2005 Live 8 project where U2 also performed.[50]
Since 1999, Bono has become increasingly involved in campaigning for third-world debt relief and raising awareness of the plight of Africa including the AIDS pandemic. In the past decade Bono has met with several influential politicians including United States President George W. Bush and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin.[51] During a March 2002 visit to the White House, after President Bush unveiled a $5 billion aid package, he accompanied the President for a speech on the White House lawn. He stated, "This is an important first step, and a serious and impressive new level of commitment. ... This must happen urgently, because this is a crisis."[51] In May of that year, Bono took US Treasury Secretary Paul H. O'Neill on a four-country tour of Africa. In 2005 Bono spoke on CBC Radio alleging Prime Minister Martin was being slow about increasing Canada's foreign aid.[52]
Bono spoke in advance of President Bush at the 54th Annual National Prayer Breakfast, held at the Hilton Washington Hotel on 2 February, 2006. In a speech peppered with biblical references, Bono encouraged the care of the socially and economically depressed. His comments included a call for an extra 1% "tithe" of the United States' national budget. He brought his Christian views into harmony with other faiths by noting that Christian, Jewish, and Muslim writings all call for the care of the widow, orphan, and stranger. Bono continued by saying much work is left to be done to be a part of God's ongoing purposes.[53]
The organization DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa) was established in 2002 by Bono and Bobby Shriver, along with activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt Campaign.[54] It is DATA's mission to eradicate poverty and HIV/AIDS in Africa.[54] DATA encourages Americans to contact senators and other legislators and elected officials to voice their opinions.[54]
In early 2005, Bono, his wife Ali Hewson, and New York-based Irish fashion designer Rogan Gregory launched the socially conscious line EDUN in an attempt to shift the focus in Africa from aid to trade.[55] EDUN's goal is to use factories in Africa, South America, and India that provide fair wages to workers and practice good business ethics to create a business model that will encourage investment in developing nations.[56]
Product Red is an initiative begun by Bono and Bobby Shriver to raise money for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.[57] Bobby Shriver has been announced as the CEO of Product Red, whilst Bono is currently an active public spokesperson for the brand. Product Red is a brand which is licensed to partner companies such as American Express, Apple Computer, Converse, Motorola, The Gap and Giorgio Armani.[58] Each company creates a product with the Product Red logo and a percentage of the profits from the sale of these labelled products will go to the Global Fund.[59]
Bono was a special guest editor of the July 2007 issue of Vanity Fair magazine. The issue was named "The Africa Issue: Politics & Power" and featured an assortment of 20 different covers with photographs by Annie Leibovitz taken of a number of prominent celebrities, political leaders and philanthropists, each one showcased in the issue for their contributions to the humanitarian relief in Africa.[60]
Bono has become one of the world's most well-known philanthropist performers.[61][62] He has been dubbed, "the face of fusion philanthropy",[63] both for his success enlisting powerful allies from a diverse spectrum of leaders in government, religious institutions, philanthropical organizations, popular media and the business world, as well as for spearheading new organizational networks binding global humanitarian relief with geopolitical activism and corporate commercial enterprise.[64]
Bono has taken part in several other endeavors outside of U2 and has collaborated and recorded with numerous artists.[0]<ref name="CASH" /><ref name="HPRESSBONO" /> He has also participated in different business ventures. Bono sits on the board of Elevation Partners and has refurbished and now owns a hotel with fellow band member, The Edge.[0][0] Bono is also widely known for his activism concerning Africa, for which he co-founded DATA.[0] He has organized and played in several benefit concerts and has met with several, influential politicians throughout his lifetime.[0][0][0] He is furthermore the co-founder of EDUN, the ONE Campaign and Product Red.<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> Bono has been the subject of both substantial praise and criticism due to his activism and involvement with U2.[0][0]<ref name="tax shelter" /> Among numerous awards and nominations, Bono has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, was granted an honorary knighthood by the United Kingdom, and was named as a Person of the Year by Time.[0][0][0]
Biography
Childhood
Bono was raised in Dublin alongside his brother, Norman Hewson, by his mother, Iris (née Rankin), a Protestant, and his father, Brendan Robert "Bob" Hewson, a Roman Catholic.[1]<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> Bono was 14 when his mother died on 10 September 1974 of a cerebral aneurysm at her father's funeral.<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> Many songs from U2's albums, including "I Will Follow", "Mofo", "Out of Control", "Lemon" and "Tomorrow", focus on the loss of his mother.[2][3]<ref name="Bono on Bono" />[4]Personal life
Bono is married to Alison Hewson (nee Alison Stewart). Their relationship began in 1975 and the couple was married on 21 August, 1982 in a Church of Ireland (Anglican) ceremony at All Saints Church, Raheny (built by the Guinness family), with Adam Clayton acting as Bono's best man.[5] The couple has four children, Jordan, Memphis Eve, Elijah Bob Patricius and John Abraham.[6] Bono lives in Killiney in south County Dublin, Ireland, with his family and shares a villa in Èze in the Alpes-Maritimes in the south of France with U2 bandmate The Edge, as well as an apartment at The San Remo in Manhattan.[7]Bono is almost never seen in public without wearing sunglasses. During a Rolling Stone interview he stated:
| [I have] very sensitive eyes to light. If somebody takes my photograph, I will see the flash for the rest of the day. My right eye swells up. I've a blockage there, so that my eyes go red a lot. So it's part vanity, it's part privacy, and part sensitivity.[8] |
Stage name
)
Bono on stage in 1983
"Bono Vox" is an alteration of Bonavox, a brand of hearing aid. The phrase in Latin translates to "good voice". "Bona Vox" was the name of a hearing aid shop they regularly passed in Dublin. It is said he was nicknamed "Bono Vox" after the shop by his friend Gavin Friday, of later Virgin Prunes fame, because he sang so loudly he seemed to be singing for the deaf. Initially, Bono did not like this name. However, when he learned it loosely translated to "good voice", he accepted it. Hewson has been known as "Bono" since the late seventies, even before formation of U2. Although he uses Bono as his stage name, close family and friends also refer to him as Bono, including his wife and fellow band members.<ref name="Bono on Bono" />
U2
)
U2 performing at Madison Square Garden in November 2005.
Bono writes the lyrics for almost all U2 songs, often rich in social and political themes.[10] Frequently his lyrics allude to a religious connection or meaning, evident in songs such as "Gloria" from the band's album October and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", from the The Joshua Tree album.[11] During the band's early years, Bono was known for his rebellious tone which turned to political anger and rage during the band's War, The Joshua Tree and Rattle and Hum eras.[0] Following the Enniskillen bombing that left 11 dead and 63 injured on 8 November 1987, the Provisional IRA paramilitaries threatened to kidnap Bono. IRA supporters also attacked a vehicle carrying the band members. These acts were in response to his speech condemning the Remembrance Day Bombing during a live performance of "Sunday Bloody Sunday".<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> The singer had been advised to cut his on-stage outburst from the Rattle and Hum film, but it was left in.[12]
U2's sound and focus dramatically changed with their next album, Achtung Baby. Bono's lyrics became more personal, inspired by experiences related to the private lives of the members of the band.[0]<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> During the band's Zoo TV Tour several of his stage personas were showcased; these included "The Fly", a stereotypical rock star, the "Mirror Ball Man", a parody of American televangelists, and "Mr. MacPhisto", a combination of a corrupted rock star and the Devil.[0]<ref name="Bono on Bono" />
During performances he attempts to interact with the crowd as often as possible and is known for pulling audience members onto the stage or moving himself down to the physical level of the audience.<ref name="Bono on Bono" /> This has happened on several occasions including at the Live Aid concert in 1985 where he leapt off the stage, over a security barricade to the floor of the arena, and pulled a woman from the crowd to dance with her as the band played "Bad", and in 2005 during U2's Vertigo Tour stop in Chicago, where he pulled a boy onto the stage during the song "An Cat Dubh / Into the Heart".<ref name="Bono on Bono" />[13]
Bono has won numerous awards with U2, including 22 Grammy awards and a Golden Globe award for best original song, "The Hands That Built America" for the film Gangs of New York.[14][15] In 2005, the U2 band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in their first year of eligibility.[16]
Other endeavors
In addition to his work with U2, he has collaborated with, Frank Sinatra,[17] Johnny Cash,[18] Willie Nelson,[19] Luciano Pavarotti,[20] Sinéad O'Connor,[21] Roy Orbison,[22] Bob Dylan,[23] Tina Turner,[24] and BB King.[25] He has recorded with Ray Charles,[26] Quincy Jones, Kirk Franklin,[28] Bruce Springsteen,[29] Tony Bennett,[30] Clannad,[31] The Corrs,[32] and Wyclef Jean,[33] as well as reportedly completing an unreleased duet with Jennifer Lopez.[34] On Robbie Robertson's 1987 eponymous album, he plays bass guitar and vocals.[35] On Michael Hutchence's 1999 posthumous eponymous album Bono completed a recording of Slide Away as a duet with Hutchence.[36]In 1992, together with The Edge, Bono bought and refurbished Dublin's two-star 70-bedroom Clarence Hotel and converted it into a five-star 49-bedroom hotel.[37] The Edge and Bono have also recorded several songs together, exclusive of the band. They have also been working on penning the score for the upcoming Spider-Man Musical.[38] Bono is on the board of the Elevation Partners private equity firm, which attempted to purchase Eidos Interactive in 2005 and has since gone on to invest in other entertainment businesses.[39][40] Bono is a known Celtic F.C. fan,[40] and in 1998 it was rumored that Bono was going to buy shares in the Scottish club.[41] However, it was reported on 28 April 1998 that this was not the case with Bono saying "it's rubbish. I've been to a couple of games and I'm a fan, but I've got no financial connections."[42]
In May 2007, MTV reported that Bono is working on a collection of poetry entitled "Third Rail".[43] Bono said the poetry is inspired by rock music. The book's foreward gives detail of the meanings of the poetry, saying "The poets who fill the pews here have come to testify, to bear witness to the mysterious power of rock and roll...Rock and roll is truly a broad church, but each lights a candle to their vision of what it is."[43] The collection, which is edited by poet Jonathan Wells, contains titles such as "Punk Rock You're My Big Crybaby," "Variation on a Theme by Whitesnake" and "Vince Neil Meets Josh in a Chinese Restaurant in Malibu (After Ezra Pound)."[43] Bono plays the character of "Dr. Robert" in the musical film, Across the Universe.[44]
Bono has invested in the Forbes Media group in the US through his private equity investment firm Elevation Partners. Elevation Partners became the first outsider to invest in the company, taking a minority stake in Forbes Media LLC, a new company encompassing the 89-year-old business which includes Forbes magazine, the Forbes.com website and other assets. The terms of the deal were not disclosed, but reports said the stake was worth about €194 million ($250m).[45]
Humanitarian work
In a 1986 interview with Rolling Stone magazine Bono explained that he was motivated to become involved in social and political causes by seeing one of the benefit shows staged by Monty Python's John Cleese and producer Martin Lewis for human rights organization Amnesty International in 1979.[46] "I saw 'The Secret Policeman's Ball' and it became a part of me. It sowed a seed..."[46] In 2001 Bono arranged for U2 to videotape a special live performance for that year's Amnesty benefit show. Introducing the performance, Bono referred to The Secret Policeman's Ball as "a mysterious and extraordinary event that certainly changed my life..."Bono and U2 performed on Amnesty's Conspiracy Of Hope tour of the United States in 1986 alongside Sting.[47] U2 also performed in the Band Aid and Live Aid projects organized by Bob Geldof.[48] In 1984, Bono sang on the Band Aid single "Do They Know it's Christmas?/Feed the World" (a role that was reprised on the 2004 Band Aid 20 single of the same name).[49] Geldof and Bono later collaborated to organize the 2005 Live 8 project where U2 also performed.[50]
)
)
Since 1999, Bono has become increasingly involved in campaigning for third-world debt relief and raising awareness of the plight of Africa including the AIDS pandemic. In the past decade Bono has met with several influential politicians including United States President George W. Bush and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin.[51] During a March 2002 visit to the White House, after President Bush unveiled a $5 billion aid package, he accompanied the President for a speech on the White House lawn. He stated, "This is an important first step, and a serious and impressive new level of commitment. ... This must happen urgently, because this is a crisis."[51] In May of that year, Bono took US Treasury Secretary Paul H. O'Neill on a four-country tour of Africa. In 2005 Bono spoke on CBC Radio alleging Prime Minister Martin was being slow about increasing Canada's foreign aid.[52]
Bono spoke in advance of President Bush at the 54th Annual National Prayer Breakfast, held at the Hilton Washington Hotel on 2 February, 2006. In a speech peppered with biblical references, Bono encouraged the care of the socially and economically depressed. His comments included a call for an extra 1% "tithe" of the United States' national budget. He brought his Christian views into harmony with other faiths by noting that Christian, Jewish, and Muslim writings all call for the care of the widow, orphan, and stranger. Bono continued by saying much work is left to be done to be a part of God's ongoing purposes.[53]
The organization DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa) was established in 2002 by Bono and Bobby Shriver, along with activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt Campaign.[54] It is DATA's mission to eradicate poverty and HIV/AIDS in Africa.[54] DATA encourages Americans to contact senators and other legislators and elected officials to voice their opinions.[54]
In early 2005, Bono, his wife Ali Hewson, and New York-based Irish fashion designer Rogan Gregory launched the socially conscious line EDUN in an attempt to shift the focus in Africa from aid to trade.[55] EDUN's goal is to use factories in Africa, South America, and India that provide fair wages to workers and practice good business ethics to create a business model that will encourage investment in developing nations.[56]
Product Red is an initiative begun by Bono and Bobby Shriver to raise money for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.[57] Bobby Shriver has been announced as the CEO of Product Red, whilst Bono is currently an active public spokesperson for the brand. Product Red is a brand which is licensed to partner companies such as American Express, Apple Computer, Converse, Motorola, The Gap and Giorgio Armani.[58] Each company creates a product with the Product Red logo and a percentage of the profits from the sale of these labelled products will go to the Global Fund.[59]
Bono was a special guest editor of the July 2007 issue of Vanity Fair magazine. The issue was named "The Africa Issue: Politics & Power" and featured an assortment of 20 different covers with photographs by Annie Leibovitz taken of a number of prominent celebrities, political leaders and philanthropists, each one showcased in the issue for their contributions to the humanitarian relief in Africa.[60]
Bono has become one of the world's most well-known philanthropist performers.[61][62] He has been dubbed, "the face of fusion philanthropy",[63] both for his success enlisting powerful allies from a diverse spectrum of leaders in government, religious institutions, philanthropical organizations, popular media and the business world, as well as for spearheading new organizational networks binding global humanitarian relief with geopolitical activism and corporate commercial enterprise.[64]
Praise and criticism
Recognition
- In 2004, Bono was awarded the Pablo Neruda International Presidential Medal of Honour from the Government of Chile.[65]
- Bono was a nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2003, 2005 and 2006.[66][67][68]
- Bono is the only person in history to have been nominated for an Academy Award, Golden Globe, Grammy, and Nobel Peace Prize.[69]
- Time named Bono one of the "100 Most Influential People" in its May 2004 special issue,[70] and again in the 2006 Time 100 special issue.[71]
- In 2005, Bono was named by Time as a Person of the Year along with Bill and Melinda Gates.[72]
- In 2005, he received the Portuguese Order of Liberty for his humanitarian work.[73]
- Bono was named in the United Kingdom's 2007 New Years Honours List as an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[74][75] He was formally granted knighthood on 29 March 2007 in a ceremony at the residence of British Ambassador David Reddaway in Dublin, Ireland.[76]
- He is listed as one of the 100 Greatest Britons, a poll conducted by the general public.[77]
- Bono received the NAACP Image Award's Chairman's Award in 2007.[78]
- On 24 May 2007, the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia announced that Bono will receive the Philadelphia Liberty Medal on September 27 2007 for his work to end world poverty and hunger.[79] On September 28, 2007, Bono, in accepting the Liberty Medal, stated: "When you are trapped by poverty, you are not free. When trade laws prevent you from selling the food you grew, you are not free, ... When you are a monk in Burma this very week, barred from entering a temple because of your gospel of peace ... well, then none of us are truly free." Bono donated the $100,000 prize to the organization. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala accepted the award for the Washington-based Debt AIDS Trade Africa. [80]
Criticism
In 2003, during the Golden Globe Awards ceremony being broadcast live by NBC, Bono referred to his reception of his band's award for "The Hands That Built America" as being "really, really fucking brilliant!"[81] In response, the Parents Television Council condemned Bono for his profanity and started a campaign for its members to file complaints with the FCC.[82] Although Bono's use of "fuck" violated FCC indecency standards, the FCC refused to fine NBC because the network did not receive advance notice of the consequences of broadcasting such profanity and the profanity in question was not used in its literal sexual meaning.[83]
Bono and the other members of U2 moved part of their multi-million euro song catalogue from Ireland to a tax shelter in Amsterdam, six months before Ireland ended a tax exemption on musicians' royalties.[84] Until then U2 benefited from the artists' tax exemption introduced by the late Taoiseach Charles Haughey. Future income will fall under Dutch tax law, which charges bands like U2 very low to nonexistent tax rates.<ref name="tax shelter" /> By moving its major assets to Amsterdam, U2 no longer pays tax on income from their artistic ventures as residents in Ireland.[85] Moving their taxable status to a nation with a lower tax rate, U2 may have also placed a greater tax burden on others in their homeland.[86] U2's manager, Paul McGuinness, stated that the arrangement is legal and customary and businesses often seek to minimize their tax burdens.<ref name="tax shelter" /> The move prompted criticisms in the Oireachtas (Irish parliament).<ref name="10162006Bloomber" />[87]
On December 15, 2005 Paul Theroux published an op-ed in the New York Times called The Rock Star's Burden criticizing Bono, Brad Pitt, and Angelina Jolie as "mythomaniacs, people who wish to convince the world of their worth." Theroux, who lived in Africa as a Peace Corps Volunteer and a university teacher, added that "the impression that Africa is fatally troubled and can be saved only by outside help—not to mention celebrities and charity concerts—is a destructive and misleading conceit."[88] Bono responded to critics in Times Online on February 19, 2006 calling them "cranks carping from the sidelines. A lot of them wouldn’t know what to do if they were on the field. They’re the party who will always be in opposition so they’ll never have to take responsibility for decisions because they know they’ll never be able to implement them. "[89]See also
References
Further reading
- Assayas, Michka. (2005). Bono on Bono: Conversations with Michka Assayas. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
- Vagacs, R. (2005). Religious Nuts, Political Fanatics: U2 in Theological Perspective. Eugene: Cascade Books.
- Stockman, S. (2005). Walk On: The Spiritual Journey Of U2. Lake Mary: Relevant Books.
Notes
1. ^ Macphisto.net. (2006). U2 Biography - Bono. Retrieved May 3, 2007, from MacPhisto.net
2. ^ Ripperda, J. (1998, February 20). Boy - I Will Follow. Retrieved May 3, 2007, from [1]
3. ^ McCormick, N. (1997, January 01). Growing Up With U2. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved February 20, 2001, from [2]
4. ^ Schruers, F. (May 1 1983). U2. Musician, 7.
5. ^ @U2. (Unknown last update). Biography:Adam Clayton. Retrieved May 03, 2007, from atu2.com; Moss, V. (2006, December 24). The Unforgettable Sire. Sunday Mirror. Retrieved May 03, 2007, from The Unforgettable Sire; McIntosh, E. (2006, October 3). In music and love, U2 has staying power. Staten Island Advance.
6. ^ IMDB. (Unknown last update). Bono - Biography. Retrieved May 02, 2005, from [3]
7. ^ Scott, P. (2006, August 11). St Bono the hypocrite? Daily Mail. Retrieved January 14 2007, from St Bono the hypocrite?
8. ^ Bonos (Speaker). (2005). Interview with J. Wenner. Bono: The Rolling Stone Interview. Rolling Stone, New York, New York.
9. ^ Assayas, Michka (2005). Bono on Bono: Conversations with Michka Assayas. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-83276-2.London">
10. ^ Byrne, K. (Unknown last update). U2 biography: Bono (from @U2). Retrieved February 12 2007, from [4]
11. ^ Stockman, S. (2005). Walk On: The Spiritual Journey Of U2. Florida: Relevant Books.
12. ^ Hamlyn, M. (Producer), & Joanou, P. (Director). (1988). Rattle and Hum [Motion Picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
13. ^ O'Hanlon, N. (Producer), & Hamish, H. (Director). (2005). Vertigo 2005//U2 Live From Chicago [Motion Picture]. United States: 3DD Entertainment.
14. ^ GRAMMY Winners List grammy.com. Retrieved October 15 2006
15. ^ HFPA. (Unknown last update). HFPA Awards Search. Retrieved February 12 2007, from [5]
16. ^ Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (2005) Inductee Detail. Retrieved February 12 2007, from [6]
17. ^ Simon, S. (Host). (1993, November 13). Weekend Edition Saturday. Washington, DC: National Public Radio.
18. ^ Lost Highway Records. (2005, October 10). News. Retrieved May 05, 2007, from [7]
19. ^ U2. (1998). Slow Dancing. On If God Will Send His Angels [CD-Single]. New York: Island Records.
20. ^ Louie, R. (1996, February 6). Short Takes. Buffalo News. Retrieved May 03, 2007, from Opera man Luciano Pavarotti wants to be hip
21. ^ Voyer, R. (2005, October 01). Splendid Magazine reviews Sinéad O'Connor. Splendid. Retrieved May 03, 2007, from splendidezine.com
22. ^ Orbison, R. (1989). She's a Mystery to Me. On Mystery Girl [CD]. London: Virgin Records.
23. ^ Bono (1984, August 10). BONO, BOB AND VAN. Hot Press
24. ^ Various Artists. (1995). Goldeneye. On Goldeneye: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [CD]. New York: Virgin Records
25. ^ U2. (1988). When Love Comes to Town. On Rattle and Hum [CD]. New York: Island Records.
26. ^ U2 Wanderer. (Unknown last update). U2 Discography - Q's Jook Joint. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [8]
28. ^ Kirk Franklin. (1998). Lean on me. On THE NU NATION PROJECT [CD-Album]. Inglewood: GospoCentric Records.
29. ^ Stanley, A. (2007 May 19). Bruce Springsteen: THE RISING TOUR 2003-2003 FINAL TOUR STATISTICS. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [9]
30. ^ TonyBennett.net. (Unknown last update). Tony Bennett, Columbia Records. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [10]
31. ^ U2tour.de. (Unknown last update). In A Lifetime (Clannad & Bono). Retrieved July 04, 2007 from u2tour.de
32. ^ Cashmere, P. (2004, April 14). The Corrs Record Another Bono Song. Undercover Media. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from undercover.com.au
33. ^ U2Wanderer.org. (Unknown last update). U2 Discography - New Day Single. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [11]
34. ^ Barile, L.A. (2003, March 28). PASSAGES: Jennifer Lopez's Latest Duet. People. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [12]
35. ^ Robbie Robertson. (1987). Sweet Fire of Love. On Robbie Robertson [CD-Album]. Santa Monica: Geffen Records.
36. ^ Williams, L. (2006) Michael Hutchence's Brother Praises Kylie And Bono for their discretion and respect 8/15/2006. Retrieved 6/6/07.
37. ^ The Clarence Hotel. (Unknown last update). At the Clarence. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [13]
38. ^ Kit, B. (2007, April 19). Bono, Edge Penning Tunes For 'Spider-Man' Musical. Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [14]
39. ^ Elevation Partners. (2007). Introduction to Elevation Partners. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [15]
40. ^ Fahey, R. (2005, April 22). Elevation Partners withdraws its offer for Eidos. gi. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [16]
41. ^ (1998) Sport: Football - Keep Celtic alive and kicking: Kerr. BBC Online. Retrieved 6/6/07.
42. ^ BONO JUDGES JIM KERR OFFSIDE ON CELTIC SHOWBIZ CONSORTIUM
43. ^ MTV News staff. (2007, May 17). U2 frontman writes forward to poetry collection. MTV News. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [17]
44. ^ IMDB Bono. Retrieved September 27, 2007, from [18]
45. ^ RTE; New York Times; Business Week
46. ^ Boyd, B. (2006, October 20). A secret history of the old Ball game. Irish Times. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [19]
47. ^ Booth, C. (1986, June 23). Conspiracy of Hope Tour. Time, 127.
48. ^ Flannery, M. (1985, July 15). Bob Geldof. Philadelphia Daily News, pp. L15.
49. ^ Palmer, R. (1985, April 21). Music becomes food for the hungry. New York Times, section 1, page 60, column 1.
50. ^ Wolinsky, D. (2005, May 31). DMB, U2 Lead Live 8 Shows. Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 24, 2007, from Rolling Stone
51. ^ Denny, C., & Black, I. (2002, March 15). US and Europe boost aid to poorest countries. The Guardian. Retrieved January 14 2007, from [20]
52. ^ Harris, K. (2005, April 23). Bono Upset at PM. Toronto Sun. Retrieved January 14 2007, from [21]
53. ^ Bono. (2006, February). Remarks at the National Prayer Breakfast. Speech presented at Hilton Washington Hotel at Washington, D.C.
54. ^ debt AIDS trade africa. (2007). Our Mission. Retrieved July 07, 2007, from [22]
55. ^ EDUN (Unknown last update). About EDUN. Retrieved March 24, 2007, from [23]
56. ^ EDUN. (Unknown Last Update). FAQs. Retrieved Retrieved January 14 2007, from [24]
57. ^ Persuaders, LLC. (2007). What RED Is, How RED Works. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [25]
58. ^ Persuaders, LLC. (2007). Products. Retrieved July 04, 2007, from [26]
59. ^ Smykil, J. (2006, November 4). Update: The Other Redmeat"charity". Message posted to arstechnica.com; Macintouch Reader Reports. (2006, November 7). Fraud Reports: Jack Campbell. Retrieved January 14 2007, from macintouch.com
60. ^ "The Africa Issue: Politics & Power", Vanity Fair July 2007. [27] The concept behind the 20 covers was termed as to represent a "visual chain letter". Covers feature 21 individuals: Don Cheadle, Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, Condoleezza Rice, George W. Bush, Desmond Tutu, Brad Pitt, Djimon Hounsou, Madonna, Maya Angelou, Chris Rock, Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Melinda Gates, Oprah Winfrey, George Clooney, Jay-Z, Alicia Keys, and Iman Abdulmajid
61. ^ Michael Anft, Brennen Jensen, and Ian Wilhelm, "Voicing Support for Charity", The Chronicle of Philanthropy August 3 2006 [28]
62. ^ Dean Goodman, "Hollywood Hails U2's Bono for Philanthropy", Reuters New Media February 15, 2002[29]
63. ^ Tom Zeller, Jr., "Trying to Throw His Arms Around the World", New York Times, November 13, 2006 [30]
64. ^ Nancy Gibbs, "The Good Samaritans", TIME December 19, 2005 [31]
65. ^ Langlois, F. (2004, September 23). John Ralston Saul awarded the Pablo Neruda International Presidential Medal of Honour. Governor General of Canada. Retrieved January 14 2007, from [32]
66. ^ Unknown Author. (2003, February 18). Bono Among Nobel Peace Prize Nominees. WNBC. Retrieved January 14 2007, from Bono Among Nobel Peace Prize Nominees
67. ^ Unknown Author. (2005, February 25). Bono given chance for Peace Prize. The Scotsman. Retrieved January 14 2007, from [33] Scotsman.com]
68. ^ Mellgren, D. (2006, February 24). Bono Among Nobel Peace Prize Nominees. Associated Press. Retrieved January 14 2007, from Bono Among Nobel Peace Prize Nominees
69. ^ Bono. Internet Movie Database. Unknown author. retrieved April 10 2007 from [34]
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External links
- U2.com - Official U2 website
- DATA (Debt, AIDS, trade, Africa) - Bono's organization
- EDUN - Fashion label started by Bono and his wife Ali
Persondata NAME Bono ALTERNATIVE NAMES Paul David Hewson (real name) SHORT DESCRIPTION Singer, songwriter DATE OF BIRTH May 10, 1960 PLACE OF BIRTH Dublin, Ireland DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH May 10 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.Events
- 1291 - Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
..... Click the link for more information.19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1957 1958 1959 - 1960 - 1961 1962 1963
Year 1960 (MCMLX
..... Click the link for more information.A singer is a musician who uses their voice to produce music. Often the singer is accompanied by musicians and instruments. While many people sing for pleasure, vocal skill is usually a combination of innate talent and professional training.
..... Click the link for more information.A lyricist is a writer who specializes in song lyrics, usually paid for by a band to write a custom song(s). A singer who writes the lyrics to songs is a singer-lyricist.
..... Click the link for more information.Anthem
Amhrán na bhFiann
The Soldier's Song
..... Click the link for more information.Rock music is a form of popular music with a prominent vocal melody accompanied by guitar, drums, and bass. Many styles of rock music also use keyboard instruments such as organ, piano, or synthesizers.
..... Click the link for more information.Rock band (or rock group) is a generic name to describe a group of musicians specializing in a particular form of electronically amplified music. Deriving its name from the musical style which was its immediate progenitor, rock and roll, the type of music played by rock
..... Click the link for more information.Dublin (IPA: /ˈdʌblɨn, ˈdʊblɨn/, or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/) (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath,
..... Click the link for more information.Ireland
Éire
Airlann <nowiki />
Northwest of continental Europe with Great Britain to the east.
Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki />
Archipelago
..... Click the link for more information.Mount Temple Comprehensive School is a secondary school located in Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland, originally notable as the first non-sectarian public (state funded) school to open in Dublin.
..... Click the link for more information.Alison Hewson (born Alison Stewart on 23 March 1961), known as Ali Hewson, is an activist and wife of U2's lead singer Bono.[1]Biography
A daughter of Terry and Joy Stewart, Alison studied at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in Dublin where she
..... Click the link for more information.A stage name, also called a screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers such as actors, comedians, musicians, djs, clowns, and professional wrestlers.
..... Click the link for more information.Elevation Partners is a private equity firm that invests in intellectual property and media and entertainment companies. Its founding partners include Roger McNamee, a former founding partner of Silver Lake Partners and Integral Capital Partners; Marc Bodnick, a former founding
..... Click the link for more information.For other subjects called The Edge, see .
David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961 in Barking, East London, UK), more widely known by his moniker The Edge
..... Click the link for more information.Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30,221,532 km² (11,668,545 sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.4% of the total land area.
..... Click the link for more information.- For other uses, see Data (disambiguation).
Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa (or DATA) is a multinational non-government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2's Bono along with Bobby Shriver and activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop
..... Click the link for more information.A benefit concert is a concert, show or gala featuring musicians, comedians, or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose, often directed at a specific and immediate humanitarian crisis. Such events raise both funds and public awareness to address the cause at issue.
..... Click the link for more information.
A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics.
..... Click the link for more information.EDUN Apparel Ltd
Private
Founded 2005
Headquarters Dublin, Ireland
Key people Ali Hewson
Bono
Rogan Gregory
Industry Fashion design
Products Apparel
Website www.edunonline.com
www.edun-live.
..... Click the link for more information.ONE Campaign
Motto The Campaign to Make Poverty History
Formation May 16, 2004
Type Development Advocacy
Headquarters Washington, D.C.
Location United States
Membership 2.
..... Click the link for more information.Product Red, styled as (PRODUCT) RED , is a for-profit brand which is licensed to partner companies such as American Express, Apple Inc., Converse, Motorola, Gap and Emporio Armani.
..... Click the link for more information.Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
..... Click the link for more information.The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are:- Knight Grand Cross or
..... Click the link for more information.Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
..... Click the link for more information.Person of the Year is an annual issue of United States (U.S.) newsmagazine Time that features a profile on the man, woman, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that "for better or for worse, ...has done the most to influence the events of the year.
..... Click the link for more information.Time (whose trademark is capitalized TIME) is a weekly American newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report. A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known as Time Atlantic) is published from London.
..... Click the link for more information.Dublin (IPA: /ˈdʌblɨn, ˈdʊblɨn/, or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/) (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath,
..... Click the link for more information.maiden name is the family name carried by a woman before marriage. A maiden name is sometimes indicated using the word "née" (pronounced "nay", IPA: /ˈneɪ/), from the French word for "born", e.g.
..... Click the link for more information.Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. The word Protestant is derived from the Latin protestatio meaning declaration
..... Click the link for more information.Christianity
Foundations
Jesus Christ
Church Theology
New Covenant Supersessionism
Dispensationalism
Apostles Kingdom Gospel
History of Christianity Timeline
Bible
Old Testament New Testament
Books Canon Apocrypha
..... Click the link for more information.
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