Information about Bone Grafting
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. Bone grafting is used to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.
Allograft bone from cadavers or live donors may also be used. Allograft is typically sourced from a bone bank.
Grafts may be made from hydroxylapatite, a naturally occurring mineral that is also the main mineral component of bone.
Synthetic grafts may be made from bioactive glass.
Tissue source
Autologous bone is typically harvested from the iliac crest of the pelvis.Allograft bone from cadavers or live donors may also be used. Allograft is typically sourced from a bone bank.
Grafts may be made from hydroxylapatite, a naturally occurring mineral that is also the main mineral component of bone.
Synthetic grafts may be made from bioactive glass.
See also
Periodontology and Implant Dentistry | |
|---|---|
| Tissues of the Periodontium and their physiologic entities | Alveolar bone - Biologic width - Cementum - Free gingival margin - Gingiva - Gingival fibers - Junctional epithelium - Mucogingival junction - Periodontal ligament - Sulcular epithelium - Stippling |
| Pathogenesis | A. actinomycetemcomitans - B. forsythus - Capnocytophaga sp. - F. nucleatum - P. gingivalis - P. intermedia - T. denticola |
| Pathologic entities | Calculus - Edentulism - Fremitus - Gingival enlargement - Gingival pocket - Gingivitis - Horizontal bony defect - Occlusal trauma - Periodontal pocket - Periodontal disease - Plaque - Recession - Vertical bony defect |
| Diagnosis, Treatment planning, Prevention and Chemotherapeutic agents | Brushing - Bleeding on probing - Chlorhexidine gluconate - Flossing - Hydrogen peroxide - Mouthwash - Oral hygiene - Tetracycline - Triclosan |
| Periodontal armamentarium | Currette - Membrane - Probe - Scaler |
| Conventional Therapy | Debridement - Scaling and root planing |
| Surgical Therapy and Periodontal surgery | Apically positioned flap - Bone graft - Coronally positioned flap - Crown lengthening - Flap debridement - Free gingival graft - Gingivectomy - Guided bone regeneration - Guided tissue regeneration - Implant Placement - Lateral pedicle graft - Pocket reduction surgery - Sinus lift - Subepithelial connective tissue graft |
| Other specialties | - - |
In biology, autologous refers to cells, tissues or even proteins that are reimplanted in the same individual as they come from. Bone marrow, skin biopsy, cartilage, and bone can be used as autografts.
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The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is convex in its general outline but is sinuously curved, being concave inward in front, concave outward behind.
It is thinner at the center than at the extremities, and ends in the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines.
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It is thinner at the center than at the extremities, and ends in the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines.
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pelvis (pl. pelvises or pelves) is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). The pelvis incorporates the socket portion of the hip joint for each leg (in bipeds) or hind leg (in quadrupeds).
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An allograft or allogeneic transplant refers to when transplanted cells, tissues or organs are sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.
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cadaver or corpse is a dead human body. Normally used as a more formal name for bodies being used in medicine/doctor training, in university courses, for example.
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Hydroxylapatite, also often incorrectly called hydroxyapatite, is a mineral. It is a naturally occurring form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), but is usually written Ca10(PO4)6
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Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramics and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass®. The biocompatibility of these glasses has led them to be investigated extensively for use as implant materials in the human body to repair and replace diseased or
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Bone healing or fracture healing is a proliferative physiological process, in which the body facilitates repair of Bone fractures.
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Physiology and process of healing
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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is a recognized international surgical specialty.
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- In the U.S.A.
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Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics, see below) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
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Periodontology, or periodontics, is the branch of dentistry which studies the supporting structures of teeth, known as the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligaments.
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dental implant is an artificial tooth root replacement and is used in prosthetic dentistry. There are several types. The most widely accepted and successful is the osseointegrated implant, based on the discovery by Swedish Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark that titanium could be
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Periodontium refers to the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. The word comes from the Greek terms peri-, meaning "around" and -odons, meaning "tooth.
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The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. It is also referred to as the alveolar bone. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible.
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Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically.[1]
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Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex.
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The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. This interface exists at the most coronal point of the gingiva, otherwise known as the crest of the marginal gingiva.
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The gingiva (sing. and plur.: gingiva), or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lays over the alveolar bone.
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General Description
Gingiva are part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them...... Click the link for more information.
The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue.[1] They are primarily composed to type I collagen, although type III fibers are also involved.
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junctional epithelium.]] The junctional epithelium is that epithelium which lies at, and in health also defines, the base of the gingival sulcus. It attaches to the surface of the tooth with hemidesmosomes and is, on average, roughly 1 mm in width, constituting about one
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The mucogingival junction is the interface between the more apically located alveolar mucosa and the more coronally located attached gingiva of the gingiva.[1]
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The periodontal ligament, commonly abbreviated as the PDL is a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits.
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sulcular epithelium. The sulcular epithelium is that epithelium which exists on the sulcular side of the free gingival margin (F). The oral epithelium (E) exists on the other side of the free gingival margin.
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stippled.[1] Stippling only presents on the attached gingiva bound to underlying alveolar bone, not the freely moveable alveolar mucosa. Stippling used to be thought to indicate health, but it has since been shown that smooth gingiva is not an indication of disease,
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral commensal found also in severe infections in the oral cavity, mainly the periodontium. A. actinomycetemcomitans, previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is a gram negative facultative non motile rod.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the Bacteroides genus and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar.
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calculus or tartar refers to calcified deposits on the teeth, formed by the presence of saliva, debris, minerals and dental plaque. Its rough surface provides an ideal medium for further plaque formation, threatening the health of the gums and it absorbs unaesthetic stains
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Edentulism is the condition of being toothless to at least some degree; loss of some teeth results in partial edentulism, while loss of all teeth results in complete edentulism.
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Fremitus is a palpable vibration on the human body. In common medical usage, it usually refers to (tactile) vocal fremitus, although there are several other types.
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Bronchial fremitus
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Gingival enlargement, the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease.[1] This is strictly a clinical description of the condition and avoids the erroneous pathologic connotations of terms used in the
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