Information about Biomarker (medicine)
For other uses, see Biomarker (disambiguation).
In medicine, a biomarker is an indicator of a particular disease state or a particular state of an organism.
An NIH study group committed to the following definition in 1998: "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention." [1]
In the past, biomarkers were primarily physiological indicators such as blood pressure or heart rate. More recently, biomarker is becoming a synonym for molecular biomarker, such as elevated prostate specific antigen as a molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Biomarkers also cover the use of molecular indicators of environmental exposure in epidemiologic studies such as human papilloma virus or certain markers of tobacco exposure such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).
References
1. ^ Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 69, Issue 3, March 2001, Pages 89-95 (2001). Retrieved on April 1, 2006.
External Links
- Environmental Biomarkers Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Biomarkers in Medicine journal
A Biomarker is a substance used as an indicator of a biologic state.
It can be any kind of molecule indicating the existence (past or present) of living organisms. In particular, in the fields of geology and astrobiology biomarkers are also known as biosignatures.
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It can be any kind of molecule indicating the existence (past or present) of living organisms. In particular, in the fields of geology and astrobiology biomarkers are also known as biosignatures.
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Physiology (from Greek: φυσις, physis, “nature, origin”; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms.
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Blood pressure (strictly speaking: vascular pressure) refers to the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs.
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Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac cycle. It is considered one of the four vital signs. Usually it is calculated as the number of contractions (heart beats) of the heart in one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm).
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Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of normal men, and is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer and in other prostate disorders.
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Prostate cancer
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C 61.
ICD-9 185
OMIM 176807
DiseasesDB 10780
MedlinePlus 000380
eMedicine radio/574 Prostate cancer
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C 61.
ICD-9 185
OMIM 176807
DiseasesDB 10780
MedlinePlus 000380
eMedicine radio/574 Prostate cancer
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Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine.
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Human Papilloma Virus
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 B 97.7
ICD-9 078.1 079.4
DiseasesDB 6032
eMedicine med/1037
MeSH D030361
Main characteristics
Prevalence ?
Transmission ?
Symptoms ?
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 B 97.7
ICD-9 078.1 079.4
DiseasesDB 6032
eMedicine med/1037
MeSH D030361
Main characteristics
Prevalence ?
Transmission ?
Symptoms ?
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4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (abbreviated NNK) is a nitrosamine present in tobacco that is a potent procarcinogen. It is activated by CYP2A6. It is a biomarker of exposure to cigarette smoke. It is produced upon the curing of tobacco.
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April 1, 2006 was an April Fools' Day falling on a Saturday.
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On television
- Adult Swim (U.S.): Aired "Aprils Fool" versions of Fullmetal Alchemist and in which fart noises were heard throughout the episode.
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