Information about Bernicia
Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland, and the North-East of England.
The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern counties of Northumberland, Durham, Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
This Brythonic kingdom was formed from what had once been the southern lands of the Votadini, possibly as part of the division of a supposed ‘great northern realm’ of Coel Hen in c. AD 420. This northern realm is referred to by Welsh scholars as Yr Hen Ogledd or, literally, "The Old North". The kingdom may have been ruled from Bamburgh, which certainly features in Welsh sources as Din Guardi. Near this high-status residence lay the island of Lindisfarne (formerly known, in Welsh, as Ynys Metcaut), which became the seat of the Bernician bishops. It is unknown when the Angles finally conquered the whole region, but around 604 is likely.
Following the disastrous Battle of Hatfield Chase on October 12, 633, in which Edwin was defeated and killed by Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, Northumbria again was divided into Bernicia and Deira. Bernicia was then briefly ruled by Eanfrith, son of Aethelfrith, but after about a year he went to Cadwallon to sue for peace and was killed. Eanfrith's brother Oswald then raised an army and finally defeated Cadwallon at the Battle of Heavenfield in 634. After this victory, Oswald appears to have been recognised by both Bernicians and Deirans as king of a properly united Northumbria. The kings of Bernicia were thereafter supreme in that kingdom, although Deira had its own sub-kings at times during the reigns of Oswiu and his son Ecgfrith.
[1] [2] [3] [4]
Bamburgh shown within the United Kingdom
Population 788 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference
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The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern counties of Northumberland, Durham, Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
British Bryneich
Bernicia is mentioned in Old Welsh poetry, in the writings of Nennius and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich. It is not quite clear whether this is simply supposed to represent a Welsh version of Bernicia, or was the name of a preceding Brythonic kingdom. However, the name seems to derive from the Brythonic word Berniccā meaning ‘land of mountain passes’, so the latter hypothesis would appear to be correct.)
Y Hen Gogledd or "The Old North". A map of the area before the Anglo-Saxon-Scottish conquest
This Brythonic kingdom was formed from what had once been the southern lands of the Votadini, possibly as part of the division of a supposed ‘great northern realm’ of Coel Hen in c. AD 420. This northern realm is referred to by Welsh scholars as Yr Hen Ogledd or, literally, "The Old North". The kingdom may have been ruled from Bamburgh, which certainly features in Welsh sources as Din Guardi. Near this high-status residence lay the island of Lindisfarne (formerly known, in Welsh, as Ynys Metcaut), which became the seat of the Bernician bishops. It is unknown when the Angles finally conquered the whole region, but around 604 is likely.
Kings of Bryneich
There are several Old Welsh pedigrees of princely Men of the North which may represent the Kings of Bryneich. The late John Morris surmised that the line of a certain Morcant Bulc referred to these monarchs, chiefly because he identified this man as the murderer of Urien Rheged who was, at the time, besieging Lindisfarne.Anglo-Saxon Bernicia
Some of the Angles of Bernicia may have been employed as mercenaries along Hadrian's Wall during the late Roman period. Others are thought to have migrated north (by sea) from Deira in the early 6th century. The first Anglian king of whom we have any record is Ida, who is said to have obtained the throne and the kingdom about 547. His sons spent many years fighting a united force from the surrounding Brythonic kingdoms until their alliance collapsed into civil war.A Forcibly United Northumbria
Ida’s grandson, Æthelfrith, united Deira with his own kingdom by force around the year 604. He ruled the two kingdoms (united as Northumbria) until he was defeated and killed by Rædwald of East Anglia (who had given refuge to Edwin, son of Ælle, king of Deira) around the year 616. Edwin then became king. The early part of Edwin's reign was possibly spent finishing off the remaining resistance coming from Bryneich exiles operating out of Gododdin. After he had completed the pacification of the "Welsh" population in Bernicia he was then drawn towards similar subjugation of Elmet (a Cumbric speaking territory which once existed in the modern-day West Riding of Yorkshire, near Leeds) which drew him into direct conflict with Wales proper.Following the disastrous Battle of Hatfield Chase on October 12, 633, in which Edwin was defeated and killed by Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia, Northumbria again was divided into Bernicia and Deira. Bernicia was then briefly ruled by Eanfrith, son of Aethelfrith, but after about a year he went to Cadwallon to sue for peace and was killed. Eanfrith's brother Oswald then raised an army and finally defeated Cadwallon at the Battle of Heavenfield in 634. After this victory, Oswald appears to have been recognised by both Bernicians and Deirans as king of a properly united Northumbria. The kings of Bernicia were thereafter supreme in that kingdom, although Deira had its own sub-kings at times during the reigns of Oswiu and his son Ecgfrith.
Kings of Bernicia
(see also List of monarchs of Northumbria)- Ida son of Eoppa (547 - 559)
- Glappa son of Ida (559 - 560)
- Adda son of Ida (560 - 568)
- Æthelric son of Ida (568 - 572)
- Theodric son of Ida (572 - 579)
- Pǣnts son of Ida (579)
- Inse son of Ida (579)
- Wheltur son of Ida (579)
- Frithuwald (579 - 585)
- Hussa (585 - 593)
- Æthelfrith (593 - 616)
- Eanfrith of Bernicia son of Æthelfrith (633 - 634)
Further reading
- Alcock, Leslie, Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-903903-24-5
- Alcock, Leslie, Arthur's Britain: History and Archaeology, AD 367–634. Penguin, London, 1989. ISBN 0-14-139069-7
- Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Sutton, Stroud, 1993. ISBN 0-86299-730-5
- Lowe, Chris, The Making of Scotland: Angels, Fools and Tyrants: Britons and Angles in Southern Scotland. Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999. ISBN-13: 978-0862418755
- Morris, John, The Age of Arthur. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1973. ISBN 0-297-17601-3
On line maps.
David Ford Nash, "Early British Kingdoms" E.B.K.-[1] [2] [3] [4]
References
- David Ford Nash, "Early British Kingdoms"-
- Bede wrote about Bernicia in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum.
Anglo-Saxon is the collective term usually used to describe the ethnically and linguistically related peoples living in the south and east of the island of Great Britain (modern Great Britain/United Kingdom) from around the early 5th century AD to the Norman conquest of 1066.
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The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestor of Angeln, a modern district located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. This century is widely considered to mark the end of Classical Antiquity and the beginning of the Dark Ages.
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Motto
Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin)
"No one provokes me with impunity"
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"
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Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin)
"No one provokes me with impunity"
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"
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North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire.
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Dieu et mon droit (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east, as well as having a border with the Scottish Borders council area to the north, and
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County Durham
Geography
Status Ceremonial and (smaller) Non-metropolitan county
Origin Historic
Region North East England
Area
- Total
- Admin. council
- Admin.
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Geography
Status Ceremonial and (smaller) Non-metropolitan county
Origin Historic
Region North East England
Area
- Total
- Admin. council
- Admin.
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Berwickshire or the County of Berwick is today a registration county, a committee area of the Scottish Borders Council, and a lieutenancy area of Scotland, on the border with England.
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East Lothian
Lodainn an Ear
Location
Geography
Area Ranked 18th
- Total 679 km²
- % Water ?
Admin HQ Haddington
GB-ELN
ONS code 00QM
Demographics
Population Ranked 21st
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Lodainn an Ear
Location
Geography
Area Ranked 18th
- Total 679 km²
- % Water ?
Admin HQ Haddington
GB-ELN
ONS code 00QM
Demographics
Population Ranked 21st
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River Forth (Uisge For and Abhainn Dhubh (meaning "black river") in Gaelic), 47 km (29 miles) long, is the major river draining the eastern part of the central belt of Scotland.
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Origin Cross Fell
Mouth North Sea
Length 137 km (87 mi)
Source elevation 754 m (2510 ft)
Avg. discharge sd
Basin area 1834 km² (708 mi²) The Tees is a river in Northern England.
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Mouth North Sea
Length 137 km (87 mi)
Source elevation 754 m (2510 ft)
Avg. discharge sd
Basin area 1834 km² (708 mi²) The Tees is a river in Northern England.
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The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era.
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Overview
During this century, the Eastern Roman Empire continued suffering setbacks, which increased after the 630s, when the Arab prophet Muhammad militantly..... Click the link for more information.
Deira (which later absorbed the Brythonic kingdom of Ebrauc) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York.
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Northumbria (sometimes spelled Northhumbria) is primarily the name of both a medieval petty kingdom of Angles in what is now north east England and southern Scotland and of the earldom which succeeded it when England became a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom.
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Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg) is the label attached to the Welsh language from the time it developed from the Brythonic language, generally thought to be in the period between the middle of the 6th century and the middle of the 7th
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Nennius, or Nemnivus, is either of two shadowy personages traditionally associated with the history of Wales. The better known of the two is Nennius, the student of Elvodugus.
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Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family, the other being Goidelic. The name Brythonic is derived from the Welsh word Brython
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The Votadini (the Wotādīnī, or Votādīnī)[1] were a people of the Iron Age in Great Britain, and their territory was briefly part of the Roman province Britannia.
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Old King Cole with any certainty is that:
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- Old King Cole was a merry old soul
And a merry old soul was he;
He called for his pipe, and he called for his bowl
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4th century · 5th century · 6th century
390s 400s 410s 420s
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This article is about the year 420. For other uses, see 420 (disambiguation).
4th century · 5th century · 6th century
390s 400s 410s 420s
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Yr Hen Ogledd is a Welsh term meaning 'The Old North' and referring to the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms of what is now northern England and southern Scotland.
These kingdoms flourished during the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries in the area south of the Pictish lands.
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These kingdoms flourished during the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries in the area south of the Pictish lands.
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Bamburgh
Bamburgh (United Kingdom)
Bamburgh shown within the United Kingdom
Population 788 (2001 Census)
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Lindisfarne (grid reference NU125421 , ), (variant spelling, Lindesfarne), is a tidal island off the north-east coast of England.
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diocese is an administrative territorial unit administrated by a bishop, hence also referred to as a bishopric or Episcopal Area (as in United Methodism) or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop.
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Bishop of Lindisfarne redirects here. This is the list-page for the holders of the episcopal see of Lindisfarne founded in 635 by Saint Aidan. For the re-founded see, see Bishop of Lindisfarne (modern).
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7th century · 8th century
570s 580s 590s 600s 610s 620s 630s
601 602 603 604 605 606 607
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570s 580s 590s 600s 610s 620s 630s
601 602 603 604 605 606 607
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Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg) is the label attached to the Welsh language from the time it developed from the Brythonic language, generally thought to be in the period between the middle of the 6th century and the middle of the 7th
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John Morris (1913 - June 1977) was an English historian who specialised in the study of the institutions of the Roman Empire and the history of Sub-Roman Britain. He is best known for The Age of Arthur
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Morcant Bulc was a Brythonic prince, probably a king, from Northern Britain, during the period between the end of the Roman Empire and the establishment of an English state during the early Middle Ages.
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