Information about Bentham & Hooker System

An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :

G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker (three volumes, 1862–1883). Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita.  (available online at Gallica)

The system recognises the following main groups:

• DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
• : Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
• : Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ
• : Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ
• DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
• : Series 1. INFERÆ
• : Series 2. HETEROMERÆ
• : Series 3. BICARPELLATÆ
• DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
• GYMNOSPERMEÆ
• MONOCOTYLEDONES

Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system

Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. It indicates a family by "ordo"; an order is indicated by "cohors" (in the first two volumes) or "series" (in the third volume); in the first two volumes “series” refers to a rank above that of order. Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the ICBN provides for this.

• DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
• : SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
• :: COHORS I. RANALES
• ::: I. RANUNCULACEÆ
• ::: II. DILLENIACEÆ
• ::: III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
• ::: IV. MAGNOLIACEÆ
• ::: V. ANONACEÆ [sic]
• ::: VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
• ::: VII. BERBERIDEÆ
• ::: VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
• :: COHORS II. PARIETALES
• ::: IX. SARRACENIACEÆ
• ::: X. PAPAVERACEÆ
• ::: XI. CRUCIFERÆ
• ::: XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
• ::: XIII. RESEDACEÆ
• ::: XIV. CISTINEÆ
• ::: XV. VIOLARIEÆ
• ::: XVI. CANELLACEÆ
• ::: XVII. BIXINEÆ
• :: COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
• ::: XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
• ::: XIX. TREMANDREÆ
• ::: XX. POLYGALÆ
• ::: XXa. VOCHYSIACEÆ
• :: COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
• ::: XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
• ::: XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
• ::: XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
• ::: XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
• :: COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
• ::: XXV. ELATINEÆ
• ::: XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
• ::: XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
• ::: XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
• ::: XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
• ::: XXX. CHLENACEÆ
• :: COHORS VI. MALVALES
• ::: XXXI. MALVACEÆ
• ::: XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
• ::: XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
• : SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
• :: COHORS VII. GERANIALES
• ::: XXXIV LINEÆ
• ::: XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
• ::: XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
• ::: XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
• ::: XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
• ::: XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
• ::: XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
• ::: XLI. OCHNACEÆ
• ::: XLII. BURSERACEÆ
• ::: XLIII. MELIACEÆ
• ::: XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
• :: COHORS VIII. OLACALES
• ::: XLV. OLACINEÆ
• ::: XLVI. ILICINEÆ
• :: COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
• ::: XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
• ::: XLVIII. STACKHOUSIEÆ
• ::: XLIX. RHAMNEÆ
• ::: L. AMPELIDEÆ
• :: COHORS X. SAPINDALES
• ::: LI. SAPINDACEÆ
• ::: LII. SABIACEÆ
• ::: LIII. ANACARDIACEÆ
• :: Incertae sedis
• ::: LIV. CORIARIÆ
• ::: LV. MORINGEÆ
• : SERIES III. CALYCIFLORÆ
• :: COHORS XI. ROSALES
• ::: LVI. CONNARACEÆ
• ::: LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
• ::: LVIII. ROSACEÆ
• ::: LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
• ::: LX. CRASSULACEÆ
• ::: LXI. DROSERACEÆ
• ::: LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
• ::: LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
• ::: LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
• :: COHORS XII. MYRTALES
• ::: LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
• ::: LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
• ::: LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
• ::: LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
• ::: LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
• ::: LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
• :: COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
• ::: LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
• ::: LXXII. LOASEÆ
• ::: LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
• ::: LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
• ::: LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
• ::: LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
• ::: LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
• :: COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
• ::: LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
• ::: LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
• :: COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
• ::: LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
• ::: LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
• ::: LXXXII. CORNACEÆ
• DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
• : SERIES I. INFERÆ
• :: COHORS I. RUBIALES
• ::: LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
• ::: LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
• :: COHORS II. ASTERALES
• ::: LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
• ::: LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
• ::: LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
• ::: LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
• :: COHORS III. CAMPANALES
• ::: LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
• ::: LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
• ::: XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
• : SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
• :: COHORS IV ERICALES
• ::: XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
• ::: XCIII. ERICACEÆ
• ::: XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
• ::: XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
• ::: XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
• ::: XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
• :: COHORS V. PRIMULALES
• ::: XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
• ::: XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
• ::: C. MYRSINEÆ
• :: COHORS VI. EBENALES
• ::: CI. SAPOTACEÆ
• ::: CII. EBENACEÆ
• ::: CIII. STYRACEÆ
• : SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
• :: COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
• ::: CIV. OLEACEÆ
• ::: CV. SALVADORACEÆ
• ::: CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
• ::: CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
• ::: CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
• ::: CIX. GENTIANEÆ
• :: COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
• ::: CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
• ::: CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
• ::: CXII. BORAGINEÆ
• ::: CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
• ::: CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
• :: COHORS IX. PERSONALES
• ::: CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
• ::: CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
• ::: CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
• ::: CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
• ::: CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
• ::: CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
• ::: CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
• ::: CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
• :: COHORS X. LAMIALES
• ::: CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
• ::: CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
• ::: CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
• ::: CXXVI. LABIATÆ
• :: incertae sedis
• ::: CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ
• DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
• :: Series I. Curvembryeæ
• ::: CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
• ::: CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
• ::: CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
• ::: CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
• ::: CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
• ::: CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
• ::: CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
• :: Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
• ::: CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
• :: Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
• ::: CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
• ::: CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
• ::: CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
• :: Series IV. Micrembryeæ
• ::: CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
• ::: CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
• ::: CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
• ::: CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
• :: Series V. Daphnales
• ::: CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
• ::: CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
• ::: CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
• ::: CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
• ::: CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
• :: Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
• ::: CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
• ::: CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
• ::: CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
• :: Series VII. Unisexuales
• ::: CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
• ::: CLII. BALANOPEÆ
• ::: CLIII. URTICACEÆ
• ::: CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
• ::: CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
• ::: CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
• ::: CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
• ::: CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
• ::: CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
• :: Series VIII. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis)
• ::: CLX. SALICINEÆ
• ::: CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
• ::: CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
• ::: CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
• GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic]
• ::: CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
• ::: CLXV. CONIFERÆ
• ::: CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ
• MONOCOTYLEDONES
• :: Series I. Microspermæ
• ::: CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆ
• ::: CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
• ::: CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ
• :: Series II Epigynæ
• ::: CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ
• ::: CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ
• ::: CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ
• ::: CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ
• ::: CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ
• ::: CLXXV. TACCACEÆ
• ::: CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ
• :: Series III Coronarieæ
• ::: CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ
• ::: CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ
• ::: CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ
• ::: CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ
• ::: CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ
• ::: CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ
• ::: CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ
• ::: CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ
• :: Series VI Calycineæ
• ::: CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
• ::: CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
• ::: CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
• :: Series V. Nudifloreæ
• ::: CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
• ::: CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
• ::: CXC TYPHACEÆ
• ::: CXCI. AROIDEÆ
• ::: CXCII. LEMNACEÆ
• :: Series VI. Apocarpæ
• ::: CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
• ::: CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ
• ::: CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]
• :: Series VII. Glumaceæ
• ::: CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
• ::: CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ
• ::: CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
• ::: CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
• ::: CC. GRAMINEÆ