Information about Barry Wellman
)
Barry Wellman
Barry Wellman, FRSC (b. 1942) directs NetLab as the S.D. Clark Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto. His areas of research are community sociology, the Internet, human-computer interaction and social structure, as manifested in social networks in communities and organizations. His overarching interest is in the paradigm shift from group-centered relations to networked individualism. He has written more than 300 articles, chapters, reports and books. Many have been co-authored, with students comprising about half of his nearly 100 co-authors.[1]
Early Life
Wellman was born, bar mitzvahed and raised in the Grand Concourse and Fordham Road area of the Bronx, New York City. He attended P.S. 33 and Creston J.H.S. 79, and was a teenage member of the Fordham Flames. He gained his high school degree from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959. He received his A.B. (Bachelor's) degree magna cum laude from Lafayette College in 1963, majoring in social history and winning prizes in both history and religious studies. At Lafayette, he was a member of the McKelvy Honors House and captained the undefeated 1962 College Bowl team), whose final victory was over Berkeley. [2]His graduate work was at Harvard University, where he trained with Chad Gordon, Charles Tilly and Harrison White, and also studied with Roger Brown, George Homans, Alex Inkeles, Florence Kluckhohn, Talcott Parsons and Phillip J. Stone. He received M.A. in Social Relations in 1965 and a Ph.D. in Sociology in 1969. His focus was on community, computer applications, social networks and self-conception, and his dissertation showed that the social identities of African-American and White American Pittsburgh junior high school students were related to the extent of segregation of their schools.
Barry Wellman has been married since 1965 with Beverly Wellman, a leading researcher in complementary and alternative medicine.
Community Sociology
Wellman has been a faculty member of the Department of Sociology at the University of Toronto since 1967. Until 1990, he focused on community sociology and social network analysis. During his first three years in Toronto, he also held a joint appointment with the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry where he working with D.B. Coates, M.D., co-directing the "Yorklea Study" in the Toronto borough of East York. This first East York study, with data collected in 1968, attempted to do a field study of a large population, linking interpersonal relations with psychiatric symptoms. The study was notable for pioneering the study of "social support", documenting the prevalence of non-local friendship and kinship ties, demonstrating that community is no longer confined to neighborhood and studying non-local communities as social networks. Wellman's "The Community Question" paper, reporting on this study, has been selected as one of the seven most important articles in English-Canadian sociology. [3]A second East York study, conducted in 1978-1979 at the University of Toronto's Centre for Urban and Community Studies, used in-depth interviews with 33 East Yorkers (originally surveyed in the first study) to learn more information about their social networks. It was probably the first study to provide evidence about which kinds of ties and networks provide which types of social support. It showed, for example, that sisters provide siblings with much emotional support, while parents provide financial aid.[4] The support seems to come more from the characteristics of the ties than from the networks in which they are embedded.[5] This research also demonstrated that wives maintain social networks for their husbands as well as for themselves. [6]
Although Wellman's work has shifted primarily to studies of the Internet (see section below), he has continued collaborative analyses of the first and second East York studies, showing that reciprocity (like social support) is much more of a tie phenomenon than a social network phenomenon[7] and that the frequency and supportiveness of interpersonal contact before the Internet was non-linearly associated with residential (and workplace) distance.[8]
Wellman has edited Networks in the Global Village (1999), a book of original articles about personal networks around the world. In 2007, he edited a special issue, "The Network is Personal" of the journal, Social Networks (vol. 29, no. 3, July), containing analyses from Canada, France, Germany and Iran.
Social Network Theory
Concomitant with his empirical work, Wellman has contributed to the theory of social network analysis. The most comprehensive statement is in his introductory article to Social Structures, co-edited with the late S.D. Berkowitz. This work reviews the history of social network thought, and suggests a number of basic principles of social network analysis.[9]More recent and more focused theoretical work has discussed the "glocalization" of contemporary communities (simultaneously "global" and "local")[10] and the rise of "networked individualism" -- the transformation from group-based networks to individualized networks.[11]
Social Network Methods
Wellman's methodological contributions have been for the analysis of ego-centered or "personal" networks -- defined from the standpoint of an individual (usually a person). As batches of personal networks are often studied, this calls for somewhat different techniques than the more common social network practice of analyzing a single large network.A 2007 paper, co-authored by Wellman (with Bernie Hogan and Juan-Antonio Carrasco), has discussed alternatives in gathering personal network data.[12] A paper with Kenneth Frank showed how to tackle the problem of simultaneously analyzing personal network data on the two distinct levels of ties and networks.[13] The most widely cited papers are the simplest: co-authored guides to analyzing personal network data while using the statistical software packages SAS and SPSS.[14]
Other work by Wellman with Howard D. White and associates has examined how to link social network analysis with the scientometric study of citation networks. This research has shown that scholarly friends do not necessarily cite each other, but that scholars cited in the same article are apt to seek each other out and become friends.[15]
Internet, Technology and Society
)
Barry Wellman at the International Conference on Communities and Technologies, Sept. 2003, Amsterdam
Barry Wellman has often worked in collaboration with computer scientists, communication scientists and information scientists. In 1990, he became involved in studying how ordinary people use the Internet and other communication technologies to communicate and exchange information at work, at home and in the community. Thus his work has expanded his interest in non-local communities and social networks to encompass the Internet, mobile phones and other information and communciation technologies.
Work Networks and ICTs
Wellman's initial project ("Cavecat" which morphed into "Telepresence") was in collaboration with Ronald Baecker, Caroline Haythornthwaite, Marilyn Mantei, Gale Moore, and Janet Salaff. This was a pioneering effort in the early 1990s, before the advent of the Internet, to use networked PCs for videoconferencing and computer supported collaborative work (CSCW).[16] Caroline Haythornthwaite (for her dissertation, etc.) and Wellman analyzed why computer scientists connect with each other -- online and offline. They discovered that friendships as well as collaborative work were prime movers of connectivity at work.[17].Wellman and Anabel Quan-Haase also wondered if such computer-supported work teams were supporting networked organizations, in which bureaucratic structure and physical proximity did not matter. Their research in one high-tech American organization -- heavily dependent on instant messaging and e-mail showed that the supposed ICT-driven transformation of work to networked organizations was only partially fulfilled in practice. The organizational constraints of departmental organization (including power) and physical proximity continued to play important roles. There were strong norms in the organization for when different communication media were used, with face-to-face contact intertwined with online contact. [18]
Community Networks and ICTs
As a community sociologist, Wellman began arguing that too much analysis of life online was happening in isolation from other aspects of everyday life. He published several papers (alone and with associates) arguing the need to contextualize Internet research, and proposing that online relations -- like off-line -- would be best studied as ramified social networks rather than as bounded groups.[19]. This argument culminated in a 2002 book, The Internet in Everyday Life (co-edited with Caroline Haythornthwaite), providing exemplification from studies in a number of social milieus.Prof. Wellman also led some of the empirical work in this area. He was part of a team (led by James Witte) that surveyed visitors to the National Geographic Society's website in 1998. Wellman's unit used these data to counter the dystopian argument that Internet involvement was associated with social isolation.[20]
Some critics wondered if the non-random nature of the National Geographic web survey had distorted the results. However, the large U.S. national survey analyzed in the Pew Internet report, "The Strength of Weak Ties" (with Jeffrey Boase, John Hannigan and Lee Rainie) also showed a positive association between communication online and communication by telephone and face-to-face. The study showed that email is well-suited for maintaining regular contact with large networks, and especially with relationships that are only somewhat strong. The study also found that Internet users get more help than non-users from friends and relatives. [21]
Research into the "glocalization" concept also fed into this intellectual stream. Keith Hampton and Wellman studied the Toronto suburb of "Netville "a pseudonym". It showed the interplay between online and offline activity, and how the Internet -- aided by a list-serve -- is not just a means of long-distance communication but enhances neighboring and civic involvement. [22]
Wellman's current work continues to focus on the interplay between information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, social relations and social structure. He is collaborating with Helen Wang and Jeffrey Cole of the World Internet Project's Center for the Digital Future to investigate the first national U.S. survey of social relationships and Internet use. He is also collaborating with Ben Veenhof (Statistics Canada), Carsten Quell (Department of Canadian Heritage) and sociology doctoral student Bernie Hogan to relate time spent at home on the Internet to social relations and civic involvement. A different focus is his collaboration on Wenhong Chen's study of transnational immigrant entrepreneurs who link China and North America.[23]
Wellman's major current focus is as the head of the Connected Lives project studying the interplay between communication, community and domestic relationships in Toronto and in Chapleau in rural northern Ontario. Early findings of the interplay between online and offline life are summarized in "Connected Lives: The Project".[24] More focused research (with Jennifer Kayahara) has shown how the onetime two-step flow of communication has become more recursively multi-step as the result of the Internet's facilitation of information seeking and communication.[25]. Recent research (with Tracy Kennedy) has argued that many households, like communities, have changed from local groups to become spatially-dispersed networks connected by frequent ICT and mobile phone communication.[26] Other NetLab researchers, besides those noted in the text and the notes, include Prof. Dean Behrens, and doctoral students Paul Glavin and Jing Shen.
Teaching and Mentoring
Wellman is known for his interactive style of teaching and extensive mentoring of graduate and undergraduate students in courses about community, social network analysis, and technology and society. He has co-authored with 51 students, including five undergraduates and one high school student. In 1998, he received the annual "Mentoring Award" from the International Network for Personal Relationships.Offices
- Founded the International Network for Social Network Analysis in 1976-1977 and led it until 1988. Concomitantly, founded, edited and published INSNA's informal journal, Connections.
- Founded and led the University of Toronto's "Structural Analysis Programme" in the Department of Sociology, 1979-1982. It focused on studying social structure and relationships from a social network perspective. The Department of Sociology subsequently established the "Barry Wellman Award" for excellence in undergraduate research.
- Associate Director of the Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto (1980-1984), where his research was based, 1970-2007.
- Council member and then President of two sections of the American Sociological Association:
- * Community and Urban Sociology (1998-2000): led the team that founded the journal, City and Community;
- * Communications and Information Technologies (2005-2006): membership increased from 95 to 303.[27]
- Elected to the Council (2000) and then became President of the Sociological Research Association honor society (2004-2005).
- North American editor of Information, Communication and Society (2003-).
Awards
- Career achievement awards from:
- *The Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association (2001)
- *Community and Urban Sociology section of the American Sociological Association (2006)
- *Communication and Information Technologies of the American Sociological Association(2004).
- Mentoring Award, International Network for Personal Relationships (1998).
- Elected to the Sociological Research Association honor society (1994).
- S.D. Clark endowed chair at the University of Toronto (2006). [28][29]
- Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, FRSC (2007)
- Residencies at the:
- *Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies, Wassenaar (1978-1979)
- *Rockefeller Foundation Study and Conference Center, Lake Como Italy (1999);
- *World Internet Project's headquarters at the University of Southern California (2006),
- *University of Surrey (Guildford England, 1974-1975),
- *University of California, Berkeley -- Institute for Urban and Regional Development (1985) and School of Information Management and Systems (1999)
Erdős number of 3.
Publications
Wellman is the editor of three books, and the author of more than 200 articles. His Erdös number is 3. His most cited journal articles are:[30]- Barry Wellman and Scot Wortley. "Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support." 1990. American Journal of Sociology 96, 3 (Nov.): 558-88.
- Barry Wellman and Milena Gulia. "Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone: Virtual Communities as Communities." In Networks in the Global Village, edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.
- Social Structures: A Network Approach (with the late S.D. Berkowitz; Cambridge University Press, 1988);
- Networks in the Global Village (Boulder, CO: Westview 1999);
- The Internet in Everyday Life (with Caroline Haythornthwaite; Oxford: Blackwell 2002).
Notes
1. ^ [1]
2. ^ Barry Wellman, "On from Lafayette," [2]
3. ^ Barry Wellman, "The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers." American Journal of Sociology 84 (March, 1979): 1201-31.
4. ^ Barry Wellman and Scot Wortley. "Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support." 1990. American Journal of Sociology 96, 3 (Nov.): 558-88. Barry Wellman and Scot Wortley, "Brothers' Keepers: Situating Kinship Relations in Broader Networks of Social Support." Sociological Perspectives 32, 3 (1989): 273-306. Barry Wellman, Peter Carrington and Alan Hall "Networks as Personal Communities." Pp. 130-84 in Social Structures: A Network Approach, edited by Barry Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
5. ^
Barry Wellman and Kenneth Frank. “Network Capital in a Multi-Level World: Getting Support in Personal Communities.” Pp. 233-73 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin, Karen Cook and Ronald Burt. Chicago: Aldine DeGruyter, 2001.
6. ^ Barry Wellman, "Men in Networks: Private Community, Domestic Friendships." Pp. 74-114 in Men's Friendships, edited by Peter Nardi. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (1992). Barry Wellman, "Domestic Work, Paid Work and Net Work." Pp. 159-91 in Understanding Personal Relationships, edited by Steve Duck and Daniel Perlman. London: Sage, 1985.
7. ^ Gabriele Plickert, Rochelle Côté and Barry Wellman. 2007. " It's Not Who You Know, It's How You Know Them: Who Exchanges What With Whom?” Social Networks 29, 3:405-29.
8. ^ Diana Mok and Barry Wellman. 2007. “How Much Did Distance Matter Before the Internet?” Social Networks 29: in press.
9. ^ Barry Wellman, "Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphor to Theory and Substance." Pp. 19-61 in Social Structures: A Network Approach, edited by Barry Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
10. ^ Barry Wellman, “Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism.” Pp. 11-25 in Digital Cities II: Computational and Sociological Approaches, edited by Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar, and Toru Ishida. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
11. ^ Barry Wellman, “Physical Place and Cyber Place: The Rise of Networked Individualism.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25,2 (June, 2001): 227-52.
12. ^ Bernie Hogan, Juan-Antonio Carrasco and Barry Wellman. 2007. “Visualizing Personal Networks: Working with Participant-Aided Sociograms.” Field Methods 19 (2), May: 116-144.
13. ^ Barry Wellman and Kenneth Frank. “Network Capital in a Multi-Level World: Getting Support in Personal Communities.” Pp. 233-73 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin, Karen Cook and Ronald Burt. Chicago: Aldine DeGruyter, 2001.
14. ^ Christoph Müller, Barry Wellman and Alexandra Marin. “How to Use SPSS to Study Ego-Centered Networks.” Bulletin de Methode Sociologique 69 (Oct, 1999): 83-100. Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman. "Using SAS to Convert Ego-Centered Networks to Whole Networks." Bulletin de Methode Sociologique No. 50 (March, 1996): 71-84. Barry Wellman, "How to Use SAS to Study Egocentric Networks". Cultural Anthropology Methods Bulletin 4 (June, 1992): 6-12. Barry Wellman, "Doing It Ourselves: The SPSS Manual as Sociology's Most Influential Recent Book." Pp. 71-78 in Required Reading: Sociology's Most Influential Books, edited by Dan Clawson. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998.
15. ^
Howard White, Barry Wellman and Nancy Nazer. 2004. “Does Citation Reflect Social Structure: Longitudinal Evidence from the `Globenet’ Interdisciplinary Research Group.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55, 2: 111-26. Dimitrina Dimitrova, Emmanuel Koku, Barry Wellman and Howard White. “Who Do Scientists Network With?" Final Report to the Canadian Water Network, May 2007.
16. ^ Marilyn Mantei, Ronald Baecker, William Buxton, Thomas Milligan, Abigail Sellen and Barry Wellman. "Experiences in the Use of a Media Space." 1992. Pp 372-78 in Groupware: Software for Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, edited by David Marca and Geoffrey Bock. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992, pp. 372-78. Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman, “Work, Friendship and Media Use for Information Exchange in a Networked Organization.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49, 12 (Oct., 1998): 1101-1114.
17. ^ Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman, “Work, Friendship and Media Use for Information Exchange in a Networked Organization.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49, 12 (Oct., 1998): 1101-1114. Caroline Haythornthwaite, Barry Wellman and Laura Garton, “Work and Community Via Computer-Mediated Communication.” Pp. 199-226 in Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Transpersonal Implications, edited by Jayne Gackenbach. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.
18. ^ Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman. “Hyperconnected Net Work: Computer-Mediated Community in a High-Tech Organization.” Pp. 281-333 in The Firm as a Collaborative Community: Reconstructing Trust in the Knowledge Economy, edited by Charles Heckscher and Paul Adler. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006; Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman, “From the Computerization Movement to Computerization: A Case Study of a Community of Practice.” In Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing, edited by Ken Kraemer and Margaret Elliott. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2007.
19. ^ Barry Wellman and Milena Gulia. "Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone: Virtual Communities as Communities." Pp. 167-94 in Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Marc Smith and Peter edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. Barry Wellman, "An Electronic Group is Virtually a Social Network." Pp. 179-205 in Culture of the Internet, edited by Sara Kiesler. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997.
Barry Wellman, "The Rise of Networked Individualism." Pp. 17-42 in Community Informatics, edited by Leigh Keeble and Brian Loader. London: Routledge, 2001. Barry Wellman and Bernie Hogan (2004). “The Immanent Internet.” Pp. 54-80 in Netting Citizens, edited by Johnston McKay. Edinburgh: St. Andrew Press. Barry Wellman. 2004. “The Three Ages of Internet Studies: Ten, Five and Zero Years Ago.” New Media and Society 6 (1): 108-114.
20. ^ Wenhong Chen, Jeffrey Boase and Barry Wellman. 2002. “The Global Villagers: Comparing the Users and Uses of the Internet Around the World.” Pp. 74-113 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell. Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman with James Witte and Keith Hampton. 2002. “Capitalizing on the Internet: Network Capital, Participatory Capital, and Sense of Community.” Pp. 291-324 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.
21. ^ [3]
22. ^ Keith Hampton and Barry Wellman. 2003. “Neighboring in Netville: How the Internet Supports Community and Social Capital in a Wired Suburb.” City and Community 2, 3 (Fall): 277-311. Keith Hampton and Barry Wellman. 2002. "The Not So Global Village of Netville." Pp. 345-71 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.
23. ^ Wenhong Chen and Barry Wellman, “Doing Business at Home and Away: Policy Implications of Chinese-Canadian Entrepreneurship.” Canada in Asia Series, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Vancouver. April, 2007. Barry Wellman, Wenhong Chen and Dong Weizhen. “Networking Guanxi." Pp. 221-41 in Social Connections in China: Institutions, Culture and the Changing Nature of Guanxi, edited by Thomas Gold, Douglas Guthrie and David Wank. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
24. ^ Barry Wellman and Bernie Hogan, with Kristen Berg, Jeffrey Boase, Juan-Antonio Carrasco, Rochelle Côté, Jennifer Kayahara, Tracy L.M. Kennedy and Phouc Tran. “Connected Lives: The Project” Pp. 157-211 in Networked Neighbourhoods: The Online Community in Context, edited by Patrick Purcell. Guildford, UK: Springer, 2006.
25. ^ Jennifer Kayahara and Barry Wellman, 2007. “Searching for Culture – High and Low.” Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 12 (4): April: [4]
26. ^ Tracy Kennedy and Barry Wellman. 2007. “The Networked Household.” Information, Communication and Society 10: forthcoming.
27. ^ Ronald Anderson and Barry Wellman, eds., "Symposium on the History of CITASA, 1988 to 2005: From Microcomputers to Communication and Information Technologies.” Social Science Computer Review 24, 2 (Summer, 2006).
28. ^ Dennis William Magill and William Michelson, eds., Images of Change. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 1999.)
29. ^ "About Barry," [5]
30. ^ Harzing's Publish or Perish, Sept 4, 2007. www.harzing.com
2. ^ Barry Wellman, "On from Lafayette," [2]
3. ^ Barry Wellman, "The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers." American Journal of Sociology 84 (March, 1979): 1201-31.
4. ^ Barry Wellman and Scot Wortley. "Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support." 1990. American Journal of Sociology 96, 3 (Nov.): 558-88. Barry Wellman and Scot Wortley, "Brothers' Keepers: Situating Kinship Relations in Broader Networks of Social Support." Sociological Perspectives 32, 3 (1989): 273-306. Barry Wellman, Peter Carrington and Alan Hall "Networks as Personal Communities." Pp. 130-84 in Social Structures: A Network Approach, edited by Barry Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
5. ^
Barry Wellman and Kenneth Frank. “Network Capital in a Multi-Level World: Getting Support in Personal Communities.” Pp. 233-73 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin, Karen Cook and Ronald Burt. Chicago: Aldine DeGruyter, 2001.
6. ^ Barry Wellman, "Men in Networks: Private Community, Domestic Friendships." Pp. 74-114 in Men's Friendships, edited by Peter Nardi. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (1992). Barry Wellman, "Domestic Work, Paid Work and Net Work." Pp. 159-91 in Understanding Personal Relationships, edited by Steve Duck and Daniel Perlman. London: Sage, 1985.
7. ^ Gabriele Plickert, Rochelle Côté and Barry Wellman. 2007. " It's Not Who You Know, It's How You Know Them: Who Exchanges What With Whom?” Social Networks 29, 3:405-29.
8. ^ Diana Mok and Barry Wellman. 2007. “How Much Did Distance Matter Before the Internet?” Social Networks 29: in press.
9. ^ Barry Wellman, "Structural Analysis: From Method and Metaphor to Theory and Substance." Pp. 19-61 in Social Structures: A Network Approach, edited by Barry Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
10. ^ Barry Wellman, “Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism.” Pp. 11-25 in Digital Cities II: Computational and Sociological Approaches, edited by Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar, and Toru Ishida. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
11. ^ Barry Wellman, “Physical Place and Cyber Place: The Rise of Networked Individualism.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25,2 (June, 2001): 227-52.
12. ^ Bernie Hogan, Juan-Antonio Carrasco and Barry Wellman. 2007. “Visualizing Personal Networks: Working with Participant-Aided Sociograms.” Field Methods 19 (2), May: 116-144.
13. ^ Barry Wellman and Kenneth Frank. “Network Capital in a Multi-Level World: Getting Support in Personal Communities.” Pp. 233-73 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin, Karen Cook and Ronald Burt. Chicago: Aldine DeGruyter, 2001.
14. ^ Christoph Müller, Barry Wellman and Alexandra Marin. “How to Use SPSS to Study Ego-Centered Networks.” Bulletin de Methode Sociologique 69 (Oct, 1999): 83-100. Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman. "Using SAS to Convert Ego-Centered Networks to Whole Networks." Bulletin de Methode Sociologique No. 50 (March, 1996): 71-84. Barry Wellman, "How to Use SAS to Study Egocentric Networks". Cultural Anthropology Methods Bulletin 4 (June, 1992): 6-12. Barry Wellman, "Doing It Ourselves: The SPSS Manual as Sociology's Most Influential Recent Book." Pp. 71-78 in Required Reading: Sociology's Most Influential Books, edited by Dan Clawson. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998.
15. ^
Howard White, Barry Wellman and Nancy Nazer. 2004. “Does Citation Reflect Social Structure: Longitudinal Evidence from the `Globenet’ Interdisciplinary Research Group.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55, 2: 111-26. Dimitrina Dimitrova, Emmanuel Koku, Barry Wellman and Howard White. “Who Do Scientists Network With?" Final Report to the Canadian Water Network, May 2007.
16. ^ Marilyn Mantei, Ronald Baecker, William Buxton, Thomas Milligan, Abigail Sellen and Barry Wellman. "Experiences in the Use of a Media Space." 1992. Pp 372-78 in Groupware: Software for Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, edited by David Marca and Geoffrey Bock. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992, pp. 372-78. Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman, “Work, Friendship and Media Use for Information Exchange in a Networked Organization.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49, 12 (Oct., 1998): 1101-1114.
17. ^ Caroline Haythornthwaite and Barry Wellman, “Work, Friendship and Media Use for Information Exchange in a Networked Organization.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49, 12 (Oct., 1998): 1101-1114. Caroline Haythornthwaite, Barry Wellman and Laura Garton, “Work and Community Via Computer-Mediated Communication.” Pp. 199-226 in Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Transpersonal Implications, edited by Jayne Gackenbach. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.
18. ^ Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman. “Hyperconnected Net Work: Computer-Mediated Community in a High-Tech Organization.” Pp. 281-333 in The Firm as a Collaborative Community: Reconstructing Trust in the Knowledge Economy, edited by Charles Heckscher and Paul Adler. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006; Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman, “From the Computerization Movement to Computerization: A Case Study of a Community of Practice.” In Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing, edited by Ken Kraemer and Margaret Elliott. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2007.
19. ^ Barry Wellman and Milena Gulia. "Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone: Virtual Communities as Communities." Pp. 167-94 in Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Marc Smith and Peter edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. Barry Wellman, "An Electronic Group is Virtually a Social Network." Pp. 179-205 in Culture of the Internet, edited by Sara Kiesler. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997.
Barry Wellman, "The Rise of Networked Individualism." Pp. 17-42 in Community Informatics, edited by Leigh Keeble and Brian Loader. London: Routledge, 2001. Barry Wellman and Bernie Hogan (2004). “The Immanent Internet.” Pp. 54-80 in Netting Citizens, edited by Johnston McKay. Edinburgh: St. Andrew Press. Barry Wellman. 2004. “The Three Ages of Internet Studies: Ten, Five and Zero Years Ago.” New Media and Society 6 (1): 108-114.
20. ^ Wenhong Chen, Jeffrey Boase and Barry Wellman. 2002. “The Global Villagers: Comparing the Users and Uses of the Internet Around the World.” Pp. 74-113 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell. Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman with James Witte and Keith Hampton. 2002. “Capitalizing on the Internet: Network Capital, Participatory Capital, and Sense of Community.” Pp. 291-324 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.
21. ^ [3]
22. ^ Keith Hampton and Barry Wellman. 2003. “Neighboring in Netville: How the Internet Supports Community and Social Capital in a Wired Suburb.” City and Community 2, 3 (Fall): 277-311. Keith Hampton and Barry Wellman. 2002. "The Not So Global Village of Netville." Pp. 345-71 in The Internet in Everyday Life, edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford: Blackwell.
23. ^ Wenhong Chen and Barry Wellman, “Doing Business at Home and Away: Policy Implications of Chinese-Canadian Entrepreneurship.” Canada in Asia Series, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, Vancouver. April, 2007. Barry Wellman, Wenhong Chen and Dong Weizhen. “Networking Guanxi." Pp. 221-41 in Social Connections in China: Institutions, Culture and the Changing Nature of Guanxi, edited by Thomas Gold, Douglas Guthrie and David Wank. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
24. ^ Barry Wellman and Bernie Hogan, with Kristen Berg, Jeffrey Boase, Juan-Antonio Carrasco, Rochelle Côté, Jennifer Kayahara, Tracy L.M. Kennedy and Phouc Tran. “Connected Lives: The Project” Pp. 157-211 in Networked Neighbourhoods: The Online Community in Context, edited by Patrick Purcell. Guildford, UK: Springer, 2006.
25. ^ Jennifer Kayahara and Barry Wellman, 2007. “Searching for Culture – High and Low.” Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 12 (4): April: [4]
26. ^ Tracy Kennedy and Barry Wellman. 2007. “The Networked Household.” Information, Communication and Society 10: forthcoming.
27. ^ Ronald Anderson and Barry Wellman, eds., "Symposium on the History of CITASA, 1988 to 2005: From Microcomputers to Communication and Information Technologies.” Social Science Computer Review 24, 2 (Summer, 2006).
28. ^ Dennis William Magill and William Michelson, eds., Images of Change. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 1999.)
29. ^ "About Barry," [5]
30. ^ Harzing's Publish or Perish, Sept 4, 2007. www.harzing.com
References
- Barry Wellman website.
- Barry Wellman, “Through Life from the Bronx to Cyberspace.” Aristeia, Fall, 2005: 24.
- “Connected Lives and Networked Individualism: The Internet in Everyday Life.” Big Ideas, TV Ontario, March 10, 2007. http://www.tvo.org/TVOsites/WebObjects/TvoMicrosite.woa?bigideas
- Bryan Kirschner, “Interview with Barry Wellman, S.D. Clark Professor of Sociology, on Social Network Analysis and Community.”, Port25 (Microsoft Open Source Podcast), December 15, 2006. http://port25.technet.com/archive/2006/12/15/barry.aspx
- Cara Donnelly, “Dr. Barry Wellman Comments on the Internet's Social Impact.” Hot Topics, April 2006. http://www.carleton.ca/hotlab/hottopics/Articles/April2006-Dr.BarryWellman.html
- Annick Jesdanun, “Alone on the Internet? Hardly” Associated Press. January 26, 2006. http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/business/13746169.htm
- Kenneth Kidd, “It’s All in Your Head.” Toronto Star, October 9, 2005. pp. I1, I8. http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_PrintFriendly&c=Article&cid=1128767196799&call_pageid=1105528093962
- Howard Rheingold, “NetLab Probes the Glocal Village.” TheFeature.com, December 16, 2004.
- Diana Kuprel, "The Glocal Village: Internet and Community", ''Ide&as: Arts & Science Review", University of Toronto, Fall 2004.
- "Un McLuhan Con Datos." La Vanguardia [Barcelona], November 18, 2001: 10-11.
- Elaine Carey, "In Netville, Good Nexus Makes Good Neighbours," Toronto Star, September 14, 2000; , p. B2; http://neighborplace.com/research_1.html
- Carin Rubenstein, “The Folks Next Door Aren't Strangers After All,"New York Times, January 7, 1993.
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1939 1940 1941 - 1942 - 1943 1944 1945
Year 1942 (MCMXLII
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1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1939 1940 1941 - 1942 - 1943 1944 1945
Year 1942 (MCMXLII
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Sociology (from Latin: socitus, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge") is the systematic and scientific study of society and societal behavior.
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University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The institution comprises sixteen academic faculties and a collegiate framework of eleven colleges within its principal campus, which surrounds Queen's Park in the
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A community is a social group of organisms sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and
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Sociology (from Latin: socitus, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge") is the systematic and scientific study of society and societal behavior.
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Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
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Human–computer interaction (HCI), alternatively man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction (CHI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers.
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Social structure is a term frequently used in sociology and more specifically in social theory — yet rarely defined or clearly conceptualised (Jary and Jary 1991, Abercrombie et al 2000).
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social network is a social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations) that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as values, visions, idea, financial exchange, friends, kinship, dislike, conflict, trade, web links, sexual
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A community is a social group of organisms sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and
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An organization (or organisation — see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.
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In Judaism, Bar Mitzvah (Hebrew: בר מצוה, "one (m.) to whom the commandments apply") and Bat Mitzvah (בת מצוה, "one (f.
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Grand Boulevard and Concourse (almost universally referred to as the Grand Concourse) is likely the most famous street in the borough of the Bronx in New York City. It was designed by Louis Aloys Risse, an Alsatian immigrant who had previously worked for the New York Central
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Fordham Road is a major street in The Bronx borough of New York City. It runs east-west from the Harlem River to Bronx Park. At its western extreme, it goes through the University Heights neighborhood.
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The Bronx is New York City's northernmost borough, coterminous with Bronx County. The Bronx is located Northeast of Manhattan. It is the only one of the city's five boroughs situated primarily on the United States mainland rather than on an island.
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City of New York
New York City at sunset
Flag
Seal
Nickname: The Big Apple, Gotham, The City that Never Sleeps
Location in the state of New York
Coordinates:
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New York City at sunset
Flag
Seal
Nickname: The Big Apple, Gotham, The City that Never Sleeps
Location in the state of New York
Coordinates:
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Adolescence is a transitional stage of human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Adolescent humans go through puberty, the process of sexual maturation.
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Introduction
Many cities and times have seen active gangs and gang members congregating and controlling territory, however in the 1950s and 60s the youth gangs in the Bronx, New York, emerged with a particular notoriety...... Click the link for more information.
The Bronx High School of Science
Motto "Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of imagination" --John Dewey
Established 1938
Type Public, Selective Magnet
Principal Valerie J.
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Motto "Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of imagination" --John Dewey
Established 1938
Type Public, Selective Magnet
Principal Valerie J.
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20th century - 21st century
1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s
1956 1957 1958 - 1959 - 1960 1961 1962
Year 1959 (MCMLIX
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1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s
1956 1957 1958 - 1959 - 1960 1961 1962
Year 1959 (MCMLIX
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Lafayette College is a private coeducational liberal arts college located in Easton, Pennsylvania, USA. The school, founded in 1826 by citizens of Easton, first began holding classes in 1832.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1960 1961 1962 - 1963 - 1964 1965 1966
Year 1963 (MCMLXIII
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1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1960 1961 1962 - 1963 - 1964 1965 1966
Year 1963 (MCMLXIII
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1959 1960 1961 - 1962 - 1963 1964 1965
Year 1962 (MCMLXII
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1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1959 1960 1961 - 1962 - 1963 1964 1965
Year 1962 (MCMLXII
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For postseason college football games, see .
College Bowl is a format of college-level quizbowl run and operated by College Bowl Company, Incorporated.
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University of California, Berkeley is a public research university located in Berkeley, California, United States. Commonly referred to as UC Berkeley, Berkeley and Cal
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Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League.
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Charles Tilly (born May 20, 1929 near Chicago) is a well known American sociologist who has written a large number of books on the relationship between politics, economics and society.
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Harrison C. White is Professor of Sociology at Columbia University. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at the age of 15, and received his doctorate in Theoretical Physics from the same institution in 1955.
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Roger William Brown (born May 22, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York – March 4 1997) was an American professional basketball player. A 6'5" forward/guard, Brown signed to play for the University of Dayton in 1960, but he became involved in a point shaving scandal and was banned from
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George C. Homans (born in Boston, Massachusetts August 11, 1910. Died in Cambridge, Massachusetts May 29, 1989) was the American founder of behavioral sociology and the exchange theory.
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