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Information about Baby At

Computer case
form factors
Types:
Comparisons
The AT form factor was the first modern form factor to be widely used. AT (Advanced Technology) was released in 1984 by IBM. Unlike the PC and XT form factors that preceded it, AT became a widely used design as a result of the booming home computer market in the 1980s. IBM clones made at the time began using AT compatible designs, contributing to its popularity. In the 1990s many computers still used AT and its variants, but ATX has been the most popular standard since 1997.

Design

Main article: Industry Standard Architecture


The original AT motherboard, later known as "Full AT", is 12 inches (305 mm) wide and 13.8 inches (350 mm) deep, which means it will not fit in "mini desktop" or "minitower cases". The board's size also means that it takes up space behind the drive bays, making installation of new drives more difficult. The power connectors for AT motherboards are two nearly identical 6-pin cords. Unfortunately, the two power connectors it requires are not easily distinguishable, leading many people to damage their boards when they were misconnected. However, technicians need only remember the phrase "black wires together in the middle" or "red and red and you are dead" to prevent this. When plugged in, the two black wires on each connector must be adjacent to each other, creating a row of 4 black cords (out of the total 12) and a correct connection.

Variants

Enlarge picture
Baby AT motherboard.
In 1985 IBM introduced Baby AT. Soon after all computer makers abandoned AT for the cheaper and smaller Baby AT, using it for computers from the 286 processors to the first Pentiums. These motherboards have similar mounting hole positions and the same (eight) card slot locations as those with the AT form factor, but are 2" (51 mm) narrower and marginally shorter. This size (220x330 mm) and the flexibility of this kind of motherboard were the key to success of this format. While now obsolete, a few computers are still using it, and modern PC cases are generally backwards compatible to fit Baby AT.

In 1995, Intel introduced ATX, a modern form factor which gradually replaced older Baby AT motherboards. During the late 1990s, a great majority of boards were either Baby AT or ATX. The main reasons why motherboard manufacturers continued making Baby AT over ATX was the fact that many computer cases and power supplies in the industry were still compatible with AT boards and not ATX boards. Also, the lack of an eighth slot on ATX motherboards kept it from being used in some servers. After the industry adapted to ATX specifications, it became common to design cases and power supplies to support both Baby AT and ATX motherboards.

Power connector

AT power connector (Used on older AT style mainboards)
Color Pin Signal
P8.1Power Good
P8.2+5 V
P8.3+12 V
P8.4-12 V
P8.5Ground
P8.6Ground
P9.1Ground
P9.2Ground
P9.3-5 V
P9.4+5 V
P9.5+5 V
P9.6+5 V

External links

A computer case (also known as the computer chassis, cabinet, tower, box, enclosure, housing or simply case) is the enclosure that contains the main components of a computer.
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ATX (for Advanced Technology Extended) form factor was created by Intel in 1995. It was the first big change in computer case and motherboard design in many years. ATX overtook AT completely as the default form factor for new systems.
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microATX, also known as µATX (sometimes transliterated as mATX[1] or uATX[2][3] on online forums) is a small form factor standard for computer motherboards, with a maximum size of 244 mm × 244 mm (9.6 inches x 9.
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Mini-ITX is a 17 x 17 cm low-power motherboard form factor developed by VIA Technologies. Mini-ITX has similarities to ATX, microATX, FlexATX and BTX form factors, but is significantly smaller: 170 mm (6.7 inches) by 170mm.
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Nano-ITX is a computer motherboard form factor first proposed by VIA Technologies at CeBIT in March 2003 [1][2], and implemented in late 2005. Nano-ITX boards measure 120mm × 120mm (4.7in × 4.
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Pico-ITX is a PC motherboard form factor announced by VIA Technologies in January 2007 and demonstrated later the same year at CeBIT.

Pico-ITX measures 10 x 7.2 cm (3.9 in x 2.8 in) which is half the area of Nano-ITX.
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The AT form factor was the first modern form factor to be widely used. AT (Advanced Technology) was released in 1984 by IBM. Unlike the PC and XT form factors that preceded it, AT became a widely used design as a result of the booming home computer market in the
..... Click the link for more information.
BTX (for Balanced Technology Extended) is a form factor for PC motherboards, originally slated to be the replacement for the aging ATX motherboard form factor in late 2004 and early 2005.
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The DTX form factor was announced to be in development by AMD on January 10, 2007. It is for small form factor PCs (especially for HTPCs) with dimensions of 203 mm by 244 mm,[1]
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ETX®, standing for Embedded Technology eXtended, computer-on-module (COM) is a highly integrated and compact (3.7 x 4.4 in.) (95 x 114 mm) that can be used in a design application much like an integrated circuit component.
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FlexATX is a PC motherboard form factor derived from ATX. The specification was released in 1999 by Intel as an addendum to the microATX specification. It uses a subset of the motherboard mounting holes required for microATX and the same I/O plate system as ATX and microATX.
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LPX (Low Profile eXtension), originally developed by Western Digital, was a loosely defined motherboard format (form factor) widely used in the 1990s.

There was never any official LPX specification, but the design normally featured the main I/O ports mounted on the back of
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NLX (New Low Profile Extended) was a form factor proposed by Intel and developed jointly with IBM, DEC, and other vendors for low profile, low cost, mass-marketed retail PCs. Release 1.2 was finalized in March 1997 and release 1.8 was finalized in April 1999.
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WTX (for Workstation Technology Extended) is a motherboard form factor introduced by Intel in 1998, for its use at high-end, multiprocessor, multiple-hard-disks server and workstations.
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This article compares the various motherboard form factors - that is, the different sizes and standards of motherboard which have been defined and are able to be purchased.
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Form factor may refer to:
  • Form factor (radiative transfer) or emissivity, the proportion of energy transmitted by that object which can be transferred to another object
  • Form factor (electronics), an alternating current waveform

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20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1981 1982 1983 - 1984 - 1985 1986 1987

Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV
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International Business Machines Corporation

Public (NYSE:  IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA

Key people Samuel J.
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IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones since they almost exactly duplicated all the significant features of the PC, XT, or AT internal design,
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ATX (for Advanced Technology Extended) form factor was created by Intel in 1995. It was the first big change in computer case and motherboard design in many years. ATX overtook AT completely as the default form factor for new systems.
..... Click the link for more information.
ISA
Industry Standard Architecture

Five 16-bit and one 8-bit ISA slots on a motherboard
Year created: 1981
Created by: IBM
Superseded by: PCI (1993)

Width:

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Motherboard

The ASUS CUSL2-C motherboard

Connects to:
  • Microprocessors via sockets
  • Main memory via Slots
  • Peripherals

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A drive bay is a standard-sized area for adding hardware to a computer. Most drive bays are fixed to the inside of a case, but some can be removed.

Over the years since the introduction of the IBM PC, it and its compatibles have had three types of drive bay, of which two
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20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1982 1983 1984 - 1985 - 1986 1987 1988

Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar).
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International Business Machines Corporation

Public (NYSE:  IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA

Key people Samuel J.
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Pentium
Central processing unit

75 MHz classic Pentium processor
Produced: From 1993 to 1999
Manufacturer: Intel
CPU Speeds: 60 MHz to 300 MHz
FSB Speeds:
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s  2020s
1992 1993 1994 - 1995 - 1996 1997 1998

Year 1995 (MCMXCV
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Intel Corporation

Public (NASDAQ:  INTC , SEHK: 4335 )
Founded 1968 1
Headquarters Santa Clara, California
 United States

Key people Paul S.
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ATX (for Advanced Technology Extended) form factor was created by Intel in 1995. It was the first big change in computer case and motherboard design in many years. ATX overtook AT completely as the default form factor for new systems.
..... Click the link for more information.


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