Information about Bitnet
BITNET was a cooperative U.S. university network founded in 1981 under the aegis of Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University. The first network link was between CUNY and Yale.
The requirements for a college or university to join BITNET were simple:
BITNET came to mean "Because It's Time Network", although the original meaning was "Because It's There Network".
Bitnet's NJE (Network Job Entry) network protocols were used for the huge IBM internal network known as VNET, which was larger than other networks such as ARPAnet for quite a while. BITNET links originally ran at 9600 baud. The BITNET protocols were eventually ported to non-IBM mainframe operating systems, and became particularly widely implemented under VAX/VMS.
At its zenith around 1991, BITNET extended to almost 500 organizations and 3,000 nodes, all educational institutions. It spanned North America (in Canada it was known as NetNorth), Europe (as EARN) and some Persian Gulf states (as GulfNet). With the advent of TCP/IP systems and the Internet in the early 1990s, BITNET's popularity and use diminished quickly.
BITNET featured e-mail and the LISTSERV software, but predated the World Wide Web, FTP and Gopher. It also supported interactive sending of files and messages to other users. The Interchat Relay Network, popularly known as Bitnet Relay, was created with the network's instant messaging feature. BITNET's first electronic magazine, VM/COM, began as a University of Maine newsletter and surfaced broadly in early 1984. Two email newsletters that began as Bitnet newsletters in the fall of 1987 are known to still be transmitting. They are the Electronic Air and SCUP Email News, formerly SCUP Bitnet News.
In 1984 a text-based BITNET game called MAD became the first global Multi-User Dungeon (MUD). Players connected from the USA, Europe or Israel to the unique server running in France.
..... Click the link for more information.
The requirements for a college or university to join BITNET were simple:
- Lease a data circuit (phone line) from your site to an existing BITNET node.
- Buy modems for each end of the data circuit, sending one to the connecting point site.
- Allow other institutions to connect to your site.
BITNET came to mean "Because It's Time Network", although the original meaning was "Because It's There Network".
Bitnet's NJE (Network Job Entry) network protocols were used for the huge IBM internal network known as VNET, which was larger than other networks such as ARPAnet for quite a while. BITNET links originally ran at 9600 baud. The BITNET protocols were eventually ported to non-IBM mainframe operating systems, and became particularly widely implemented under VAX/VMS.
At its zenith around 1991, BITNET extended to almost 500 organizations and 3,000 nodes, all educational institutions. It spanned North America (in Canada it was known as NetNorth), Europe (as EARN) and some Persian Gulf states (as GulfNet). With the advent of TCP/IP systems and the Internet in the early 1990s, BITNET's popularity and use diminished quickly.
BITNET featured e-mail and the LISTSERV software, but predated the World Wide Web, FTP and Gopher. It also supported interactive sending of files and messages to other users. The Interchat Relay Network, popularly known as Bitnet Relay, was created with the network's instant messaging feature. BITNET's first electronic magazine, VM/COM, began as a University of Maine newsletter and surfaced broadly in early 1984. Two email newsletters that began as Bitnet newsletters in the fall of 1987 are known to still be transmitting. They are the Electronic Air and SCUP Email News, formerly SCUP Bitnet News.
In 1984 a text-based BITNET game called MAD became the first global Multi-User Dungeon (MUD). Players connected from the USA, Europe or Israel to the unique server running in France.
See also
External links
- A Social History of Bitnet and Listserv, 1985–1991
- Living Internet - BITNET
- NetHistory - Archive of BITNET newsletters and stories
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1978 1979 1980 - 1981 - 1982 1983 1984
Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI
..... Click the link for more information.
1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1978 1979 1980 - 1981 - 1982 1983 1984
Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI
..... Click the link for more information.
City University of New York (CUNY; acronym: IPA pronunciation: [kjuni]), is the public university system of New York City.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
lease or tenancy is the right to use or occupy personal property or real property given by a to another person (usually called the or tenant) for a fixed or indefinite period of time, whereby the lessee obtains exclusive possession of the property in return for paying the
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
worldwide view.
For the Electric Light Orchestra song, see .
A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit within the industry) is a single-user circuit on a telephone communications system...... Click the link for more information.
A node is a device that is connected as part of a computer network. For example, a node may be a computer, personal digital assistant, cell phone, router, switch, or hub.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Modem (from modulate and demodulate) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Point-to-point telecommunications generally refers to a connection restricted to two endpoints, usually host computers.
Point-to-point is sometimes referred to as P2P, or Pt2Pt, or variations of this. Among other things, P2P also refers to peer-to-peer file sharing networks.
..... Click the link for more information.
Point-to-point is sometimes referred to as P2P, or Pt2Pt, or variations of this. Among other things, P2P also refers to peer-to-peer file sharing networks.
..... Click the link for more information.
Store and forward is a telecommunications technique in which information is sent to an intermediate station where it is kept and sent at a later time to the final destination or to another intermediate station.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
E-mail (short for electronic mail; often also abbreviated as e-mail, email or simply mail) is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. It was conceived by Duke University graduate students Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis in 1979.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints. In its simplest form, a protocol can be defined as the rules governing the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
International Business Machines Corporation
Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
..... Click the link for more information.
Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
..... Click the link for more information.
The ARPANET, developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense, was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
baud (pronounced /bɔːd/ unit symbol "Bd"), is a measure of the symbol rate, the number of distinct symbol changes (signalling events) made to the transmission medium per second in a digitally modulated signal.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints. In its simplest form, a protocol can be defined as the rules governing the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as Big Iron) are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. An operating system processes system data and user input, and responds by allocating and managing tasks and internal system resources as a service to users and programs of the
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
OpenVMS[1] (Open Virtual Memory System or just VMS) is the name of a high-end computer server operating system that runs on the VAX[2] and Alpha[3]
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1988 1989 1990 - 1991 - 1992 1993 1994
Year 1991 (MCMXCI
..... Click the link for more information.
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1988 1989 1990 - 1991 - 1992 1993 1994
Year 1991 (MCMXCI
..... Click the link for more information.
Pars Sea.[5]
Since the 1960s with the rise of Arab nationalism (Pan-Arabism), starting with Gamal Abdel Nasser's Arab Republic of Egypt, some Arab countries, including the ones bordering the Persian Gulf, have adopted the term "Arabian
..... Click the link for more information.
Naming dispute
Since the 1960s with the rise of Arab nationalism (Pan-Arabism), starting with Gamal Abdel Nasser's Arab Republic of Egypt, some Arab countries, including the ones bordering the Persian Gulf, have adopted the term "Arabian
..... Click the link for more information.
The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. It has also been referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is named after two of the most important protocols in it:
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
E-mail (short for electronic mail; often also abbreviated as e-mail, email or simply mail) is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
LISTSERV Classic. A version with a reduced feature set and reduced performance is available called Listserv Lite, and a free variant of this for non-commercial use is called LISTSERV Free Edition.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, a user views web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
FTP or File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer data from one computer to another over the Internet, or through a network.
Specifically, FTP is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or
..... Click the link for more information.
Specifically, FTP is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or
..... Click the link for more information.
Gopher is a distributed document search and retrieval network protocol designed for the Internet. Its goal is to function as an improved form of Anonymous FTP, with features similar to that of the World Wide Web.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Bitnet Relay or officially The Interchat Relay Network or simply Relay was a precursor to today's Internet Relay Chat and various online chat systems. It was developed by Jeff Kell, JEFF@UTCVM (now jeff-kell@utc.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. The text is conveyed via computers connected over a network such as the Internet.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
