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Information about Anglo Frisian Languages

Anglo-Frisian
Insular Germanic
Geographic
distribution:		 Originally, the British Isles and the North Sea coast from Friesland to Jutland; today worldwide
Genetic
classification:		 }}
Subdivisions:


Enlarge picture
The Anglo-Frisian languages are a subdivision of the Germanic Languages      Dutch (West Germanic)      High German (West Germanic)      Anglic group or Insular Anglo-Frisian (West Germanic)      Frisian group or Continental Anglo-Frisian (West Germanic)      East North Germanic      West North Germanic      Line dividing the North from West Germanic languages.


The Anglo-Frisian languages (sometimes Insular Germanic) are a group of Ingvaeonic West Germanic languages consisting of Old English, Old Frisian, and their descendants. The Anglo-Frisian family tree is: The Anglo-Frisian languages are distinguished from other West Germanic languages partially by the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, Anglo-Frisian brightening and by the palatalization of Proto-Germanic *k to a coronal affricate before front vowels: cf. English cheese and Frisian tsiis to Dutch kaas and German Käse, or English church and Frisian tsjerke to Dutch kerk and German Kirche. Early Anglo-Frisian formed a Sprachbund with Old Saxon, which is counted among the Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages.

The German linguist Friedrich Maurer rejected Anglo-Frisian as a historical subdivision of the Germanic languages. Instead, he proposed North Sea Germanic or Ingvaeonic, a common ancestor of Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon. This view has gained wide acceptance in historical linguistics.


Examples

Compare the words for the numbers one to ten in the Anglo-Frisian languages.
Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
English onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten
Scots ane
ae		twathreefowerfivesaxsievenaichtnineten
Yola oanetwyedhreevowérveevezeesezebbemayghtneenedhen
West Frisian ientwatrijefjouwerfiifseissânachtnjoggentsien
Saterland (Sealtersk) aantwäi
twäin
twoo		träifjauwerfieuwsäkssoogenoachtenjugentjoon
North Frisian (Mooring) iinj
ån		tou
tuu		trii
tra		fjouerfiiwseekssoowenoochtnüügentiin
British Isles<nowiki />

The British Isles in relation to mainland Europe

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki /> <nowiki />
Total islands 6,000+<nowiki />

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The North Sea is marginal, epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European continental shelf between Norway and Denmark in the east, Scotland and England in the west, and Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France in the south.
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Provincie Fryslân (nl)
Provinsje Fryslân (fy)
Province of Friesland

Flag Coat of arms

Capital Leeuwarden

Queen's Commissioner drs. E.H.T.M.
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A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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Anglic (from Latin Anglicus meaning English, cf. Germanic) is a term for what are also known as Englishes, in for example World Englishes or New Englishes, and is considered a less Anglo-centric cover term than English
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Frisian}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet 
Official status
Official language of: Netherlands
Regulated by: Fryske Akademy
Language codes
ISO 639-1: fy
ISO 639-2: fry
ISO 639-3: variously:
fry
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Ingvaeonic, also known as North Sea Germanic, is a postulated grouping of the West Germanic languages that would fork into Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon and according to some the local dialect of West-Flanders.
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West Germanic languages constitute the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages and include languages such as German, Yiddish, English and Frisian, as well as Dutch and Afrikaans. The other branches of the Germanic languages are the North and East Germanic languages.
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Old English/Anglo-Saxon}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: ang
ISO 639-3: ang Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon[1], Englisc
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Old Frisian was the West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries by the people who had settled in the area between the Rhine and Elbe on the European North Sea coast in the 4th and 5th centuries. Their ancient homes were originally North Germany and Denmark.
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Anglic (from Latin Anglicus meaning English, cf. Germanic) is a term for what are also known as Englishes, in for example World Englishes or New Englishes, and is considered a less Anglo-centric cover term than English
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English}}} 
Writing system: Latin (English variant) 
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng  
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Scots refers to the Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland. In Scotland it is sometimes called Lowland Scots or its contraction Lallans
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Yola}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2:
ISO 639-3: — Yola was a branch of Middle English that evolved separately among the English (known as the Old English) who followed the Norman barons Strongbow and Robert Fitzstephen to
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An extinct language is a language which no longer has any native speakers, in contrast to a dead language, which is a language which has stopped changing in grammar, vocabulary, and the complete meaning of a sentence.
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Frisian}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet 
Official status
Official language of: Netherlands
Regulated by: Fryske Akademy
Language codes
ISO 639-1: fy
ISO 639-2: fry
ISO 639-3: variously:
fry
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West Frisian (Frysk) is a language spoken mostly in the province of Fryslân in the north of the Netherlands. West Frisian is the name by which this language is usually known outside of the Netherlands, to distinguish it from the closely related languages of East
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Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk), is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language. It is closely related to the other Frisian languages, North Frisian, which, like Saterland Frisian is spoken in Germany, and West
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North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia. There are two main dialectal divisions, between those dialects of the mainland, and the insular dialects.
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In historical linguistics, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (also called the Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic nasal spirant law) is a description of a phonological development in some dialects of West Germanic, which is attested in Old English, Old Frisian, and Old
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Palatalization or palatalisation (IPA: /ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən/) generally refers to two phenomena:
  • As a process or the result of a process

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Proto-Germanic}}} 
Writing system: Elder Futhark
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: gem
ISO 639-3: —

Proto-Germanic (or Common Germanic
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Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Only the coronal consonants can be divided into apical (using the tongue tip), laminal (using the tongue blade), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or sub-apical (with the tongue curled back), as well
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Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]) but release as a fricative (such as [s]
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Dutch}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) 
Official status
Official language of:  Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 European Union
 Netherlands Antilles
 Suriname
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German language (Deutsch, ] (help info ) ) is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.
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A sprachbund (pronounced /ˈʃpraːxˌbʊnt/ plural sprachbünde /ˈʃpraːxˌbʏndə
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Old Saxon, also known as Old Low German, is the earliest recorded form of Low Saxon, documented from the 9th century until the 12th century, when it evolved into Middle Low German. It was spoken on the north-west coast of Germany and in Denmark by Saxon peoples.
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Low German may refer to:
  • Low German, a group of dialects spoken mainly in Northern Germany and in Northeastern Netherlands.
  • A postulated language group consisting of Low German (as in the previous list item) and Low Franconian.

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