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Information about Angiotensin Receptor

angiotensin II receptor, type 1
Identifiers
SymbolAGTR1
Alt. SymbolsAGTR1B
Entrez185
HUGO336
OMIM106165
RefSeqNM_000685
UniProtP30556
Other data
LocusChr. 3 q21-q25
angiotensin II receptor, type 2
Identifiers
SymbolAGTR2
Entrez186
HUGO338
OMIM300034
RefSeqNM_000686
UniProtP50052
Other data
LocusChr. X q22-q23
The angiotensin receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with angiotensins as ligands. They are important in the renin-angiotensin system: they are responsible for the signal transduction of the main effector hormone.

Structure

The AT1 and AT2 receptors share a sequence identity of ~30%, but have a similar affinity for angiotensin II, which is their main ligand.

Members

AT1

The AT1 receptor is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor. It is coupled to phospholipase C and angiotensin II increases the cytosolic Ca2+ level. It also inhibits adenylate cyclase and activate various tyrosine kinases. Effects mediated by the AT1 receptor include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of central sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiac contractility, central osmocontrol and extracellular matrix formation.

AT2

AT2 receptors are more plentiful in the fetus and neonate. Effects mediated by the AT2 receptor include inhibition of cell growth, fetal tissue development, modulation of extracellular matrix, neuronal regeneration, apoptosis, cellular differentiation and maybe vasodilation.

AT3 and AT4

Other poorly characterized subtypes include the AT3 and AT4 receptors. The AT4 receptor is activated by the angiotensin II metabolite angiotensin IV, and may play a role in regulation of the CNS extracellular matrix.

See also

External links

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Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors
Class A: Rhodopsin likeAcetylcholine receptor (Muscarinic acetylcholine) - Adrenergic - Angiotensin - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin - Cannabinoid - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin - C5a - Dopamine - Eicosanoid (Prostaglandin) - Endothelin - Free fatty acid - FSH-receptor - Galanin - Ghrelin - GPER - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - LHRH - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid - Melanocortin (MC1R, MC2R) - Melatonin - Neuromedin (B, U) - Neuropeptide Y - Neurotensin - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory (TAAR) - Orexin - Oxytocin - PAF - Prokineticin - Protease-activated - Purinergics (Adenosine, A1, P2Y, P2Y12) - Somatostatin - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT2A) - SREB - Tachykinin (TACR1) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)
Class B: Secretin likeCalcitonin - Corticotropin-releasing hormone - EMR - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - Parathyroid hormone - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromoneGABA receptor (GABA B) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate) - Taste receptors (TAS2R16, TAS2R38)
Frizzled / SmoothenedFrizzled - Smoothened
 •  • [ e]
Neuropeptide receptors
Hypothalamic hormone receptorsCRH - FSH - LHRH - TRH - Somatostatin
Pituitary hormone receptorsVasopressin (1A, 1B, 2) - Oxytocin - LHCG - Type I cytokine receptor (GH, Prolactin) - TSH
Other hormone receptorsAtrial natriuretic factor - Calcitonin - Cholecystokinin - VIP
Opioid receptorsDelta - Kappa - Mu - Sigma (1, 2) - Nociceptin
Other neuropeptide receptorsAngiotensin - Bradykinin/Tachykinin (TACR1) - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Galanin - Neuropeptide Y - Neurotensin
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
..... Click the link for more information.
Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
..... Click the link for more information.
locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven transmembrane receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, and G protein linked receptors (GPLR
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Angiotensin is an oligopeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. It is a powerful dipsogen. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver.
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ligand (latin ligare = to bind) is a molecule that is able to bind to and form a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In a narrower sense, it is an effector molecule binding to a site on a target protein, by intermolecular forces such as ionic bonds,
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For an autonomous region of Nicaragua, see .


The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that helps regulate long-term blood pressure and extracellular volume in the body.
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In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes, activated by second messengers resulting in
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phospholipase is an enzyme that converts phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C and D distinguished by what type of reaction they catalyze:
  • Phospholipase A

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Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1 , also known as adenylyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme.

Types

There are nine known adenylate cyclases in mammals:
  • ADCY1
  • ADCY2
  • ADCY3
  • ADCY4
  • ADCY5

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A vasoconstrictor, also vasopressor or simply pressor, is any substance that acts to cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of the lumena of blood vessels) and usually results in an increase of the blood pressure.
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Aldosterone is a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid family) produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood.

It was first isolated by Simpson and Tait in 1953.
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Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as argipressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone found in most mammals, including humans. One of its most important roles is to regulate the body's retention of water, being released when the body is
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heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in the annelids, mollusks, and arthropods.
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MeSH D006984 Hypertrophy is the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue. It should be distinguished from hyperplasia which occurs due to cell division increasing the number
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Norepinephrine (INN)(abbr. norepi or NE) or noradrenaline (BAN) is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. The natural stereoisomer is L -(−)-(R)-norepinephrine.
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The blood vessels are part of the cardiovascular system and function to transport blood throughout the body. The most important types, arteries and veins, carry blood away from or towards the heart, respectively.
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Smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the "walls" of hollow organs and elsewhere like the bladder and abdominal cavity, the uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the vasculature, the skin and the
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The kidneys are organs that filter wastes (such as urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases of the kidney is called nephrology[1].
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Renin (pronounced "Ree-nin" or "Rē-nin" (IPA: /ˈriːnɨn/)), also known as angiotensinogenase
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Sodium (IPA: /ˈsəʊdiəm/) is a chemical element which has the symbol Na (Latin: natrium), atomic number 11, atomic mass 22.9898 g/mol, common oxidation number +1.
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The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) is a branch of the autonomic nervous system. It is always active at a basal level (called sympathetic tone) and becomes more active during times of stress.
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Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of bodily fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the body's water content; that is it keeps the body's fluids from becoming too dilute or too concentrated.
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