Aminophylline

Information about Aminophylline

Aminophylline is a drug combination that contains theophylline and ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio.

Properties

It is more soluble in water than theophylline. White or slightly yellowish granules or powder, having a slight ammoniacal odor and a bitter taste. Upon exposure to air, it gradually loses ethylenediamine and absorbs carbon dioxide with the liberation of free theophylline. Its solutions are alkaline. One g dissolves in 25 mL of water to give a clear solution; 1 g dissolved in 5 mL of water crystallizes upon standing, but redissolves when a small amount of ethylenediamine is added. Insoluble in alcohol and in ether.

Mechanism of action

Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Brand names

Phyllocontin
Truphylline

External links

• • [ e] Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD (R03)
Adrenergics, inhalants	Short acting β₂-agonists: Salbutamol • Fenoterol • Terbutaline Long acting β₂-agonists (LABA): Bambuterol • Clenbuterol • Formoterol • Salmeterol other: Epinephrine • Isoproterenol • Orciprenaline
Glucocorticoids	Beclometasone • Budesonide • Ciclesonide • Fluticasone • Mometasone
Anticholinergics	Ipratropium • Tiotropium
Mast cell stabilizers	Cromoglicate • Nedocromil
Xanthines	Aminophylline • Theobromine • Theophylline
Leukotriene antagonists	Montelukast • Pranlukast • Zafirlukast
Combination products	Budesonide/formoterol • Fluticasone/salmeterol • Ipratropium/salbutamol

Terms ending in "flip" refer to drug combinations involving MDMA (Ecstasy). Substitute the word "trip" and the drug combination involves LSD.

Candy Flip or Candy Trip: MDMA and LSD
Flower Flip or Hippie Flip: MDMA and Magic Mushrooms
Kitty Flip: MDMA and Ketamine
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Theophylline, also known as dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD or asthma under a variety of brand names. Due to its numerous side effects, these drugs are now rarely used clinically.
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Ethylenediamine is the organic compound with the formula C₂H₈N₂. It is a colorless to yellowish liquid, with an ammonia-like odor. It is relatively basic, and is completely miscible in polar solvents such as water and ethanol.
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Solubility is a physical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.^[1] It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
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Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state.
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alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qalyالقلي, القالي ) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element.
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Asthma
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 J 45.
ICD-9 493

OMIM 600807
DiseasesDB 1006
MedlinePlus 000141
eMedicine med/177 emerg/43

MeSH C08.127.
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A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.

R Respiratory system

R03A Adrenergics, inhalants

R03AA Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists

R03AA01 Epinephrine

R03AB Non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor agonists

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Beta₂-adrenergic receptor agonists are a class of drugs used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disease states.
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Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting β₂-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Fenoterol is an asthma medication designed to open up the airways to the lungs. It is classed as a beta agonist.

It was a long-acting beta-agonist widely used in New Zealand in the early 1990s but withdrawn because of its association with an excess number of deaths.
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Terbutaline (trade names Brethine, Bricanyl, or Brethaire) is a β₂-adrenergic receptor agonist, used as a fast-acting bronchodilator (often used as a short-term asthma treatment) and as a tocolytic to delay premature labour.
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Long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists are usually prescribed for moderate to severe persistent asthma patients or patients with COPD. They are designed to replace the shorter acting B2-agonists such as salbutamol, as they have a duration of action of approximately 12 hours in
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Bambuterol (INN, marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade names Bambec and Oxeol) is a long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma. It is a prodrug of terbutaline.
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Clenbuterol is a drug prescribed to sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders like asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier.
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Formoterol (INN) or eformoterol (former BAN) is a long-acting β₂-agonist used in the management of asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Salmeterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist drug that is currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD. It is currently available as a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or a proprietary device inhaler.
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Epinephrine (INN) (IPA: [ˌɛpɪˈnɛfrən]) or adrenaline (European Pharmacopoeia and BAN) (IPA: [əˈdrɛnələn]
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Isoproterenol hydrochloride or isoprenaline (Medihaler-Iso®) is a sympathomimetic beta adrenergic receptor agonist medication.

It is structurally similar to epinephrine but acts for the most part on beta receptors.
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Orciprenaline (INN, also known as metaproterenol) is a bronchodilator used in the treatment of asthma. Orciprenaline is a moderately selective beta₂-adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates receptors of the smooth muscle in the lungs, uterus, and vasculature
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Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by the specific receptors, target cells, and effects.
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Beclometasone dipropionate (INN modified) or beclomethasone dipropionate (USAN, former BAN), also referred to as beclometasone (INN), is a potent Class A glucocorticoid steroid drug. In the form of an inhaler (e.g.
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Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma, non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. Additionally, it is used for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Ciclesonide is a glucocorticoid used to treat obstructive airway diseases. It is marketed under the brand name Alvesco for asthma outside the US and Omnaris/Omniair for hayfever in the US.
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Fluticasone propionate is a potent synthetic corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is marketed with the brand names Flixotide and Flixonase by Allen & Hanburys, and Flovent, Flonase, and Veramyst
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Mometasone furoate (also referred to as Mometasone) is a moderately potent glucocorticoid steroid used in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders (such as eczema and psoriasis), allergic rhinitis (such as hay fever), and asthma for patients unresponsive to less potent
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An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds (such as Dicyclomine) which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
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Ipratropium (as ipratropium bromide, trade name Atrovent) is an anticholinergic drug administered by inhalation for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. It acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.
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Tiotropium (IPA: [ˌtaɪəˈtropiəm]) is a long-acting, 24 hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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