Information about Admiralty Islands
- For the island in Alaska, see Admiralty Island.
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Map of Papua New Guinea. The Admiralty Islands are in the dark red area at the top of the map.
The larger islands in the group include Manus Island, Los Negros Island, Tong Island, Pak Island, Rambutyo Island, Lou Island, St Andrews Islands, Baluan Island, and Ndrova Island. Many of the islands are atolls and uninhabited.
Climate and geography
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Manus is the largest of the Admiralty Islands.
The temperature of the Admiralty Islands varies little throughout the year, reaching daily highs of 30-32°C and 20-24°C at night. Average annual rainfall is 3,382 mm (133 in) and is somewhat seasonal, with June-August being the wettest months.
Manus reaches an elevation of 700 m (0 ft) and is volcanic in origin and probably broke through the ocean's surface in the late Miocene, 8-10 million years ago. The substrate of the island is either directly volcanic or from uplifted coral limestone.
Ecology
Due to the isolated location of the islands, Admiralty Islands are home to endemic species and is considered a separate ecoregion. The vegetation on the islands is broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The typical tree species in the forests are various Calophyllum and Sararanga species.[1] The majority of the forests on Manus still remain, but some of the smaller islands have been cleared for coconut farming. 58.5 km (0 sq mi) Ndrolowa Wildlife Management Area was declared March 1985 south of Lorengau on Manus Island and contains both terrestrial and marine regions.[2] 240 km (93 sq mi) protected area has been established around the highest mountain on Manus, Mt. Dremsel, but the level of protection is still undetermined in UNEP World Database on Protected Areas.[3]Three of the bird species endemic to Admiralty Islands have been listed as vulvenerable in IUCN Red List: Manus Fantail (Rhipidura semirubra), Superb Pitta (Pitta superba) and Manus Masked Owl (Tyto manusi). Three other birds are endemic to Admiralty Islands but are classified as non-threatened or least concern: White-naped Friarbird (Philemon albitorques), Manus Monarch (Monarcha infelix) and Manus Hawk Owl (Ninox meeki). In addition Admiralty Islands is home to two endemic mammals: Admiralty Island Cuscus (Spilocuscus kraemeri) and local Mosaic-Tailed Rat (Melomys matambuai).[1]
History
Along with New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands, the Admiralty Islands were first inhabited approximately 40,000 years ago, in the initial wave of migration out of South-East Asia that also populated Australia. This early society appears to have cultivated taro, and to have deliberately introduced wild animals from New Guinea such as bandicoots and large rats. Obsidian was gathered and traded throughout the Admiralty Islands archipelago.[4]The Lapita culture arose around 3500 years ago, and its extent ranged from the Admiralty Islands to Tonga and Samoa. Its origins are contested, but it may well have been a product of another wave of migration from South-East Asia. Lapita society featured renowned pottery, stilt houses, the introduction of domestic animals such as pigs, dogs, and chickens, and substantial developments in agriculture and boat technology, allowing long distance trade to develop. Lapita society, as a distinct culture and extended trade network, collapsed around 2000 years ago.[4]
The first European to visit the islands was the Dutch navigator Willem Schouten in 1616. The name Admiralty Islands was devised by Captain Philip Carteret RN in 1767.[5]
Between 1884 and 1914 the area was administered as a German colony. In November 1914, the islands were occupied by troops of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force landed from the SS Siar. A few shots fired from a machine gun on Siar over the heads of the tiny German garrison at Lorengau were the last shots fired in the Battle of New Guinea. After the war, the islands were governed by Australia under a League of Nations mandate.[6]
Japanese troops landed in the islands on 7 April 1942. In 1944, Japanese forces occupying the islands were attacked and defeated by Allied forces in Operation Brewer. [7]
See also
References and Notes
1. ^ Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests (World Wildlife Fund)
2. ^ UNEP World Database on Protected Areas: Ndrolowa
3. ^ UNEP World Database on Protected Areas: Mt. Dremsel
4. ^ Spriggs, Matthew (1997), "Recent History (The Holocene)", in Denoon, Donald, The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 52-69
5. ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier,. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, p. 433. ISBN 0-78581-307-1.Boston&rft.pages=p.%20433&rft.isbn=0-78581-307-1">
6. ^ Mackenzie, S.S. (1927). Volume X – The Australians at Rabaul: The Capture and Administration of the German Possessions in the Southern Pacific (English). Australia in the War of 1914-1918 pp. 2, 178, 345-366. Australian War Memorial.
7. ^ Frierson, Major William C. (1946). The Admiralties: Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division, 29 February - 18 May 1944. American Forces in Action. U.S. Government Printing Office.
2. ^ UNEP World Database on Protected Areas: Ndrolowa
3. ^ UNEP World Database on Protected Areas: Mt. Dremsel
4. ^ Spriggs, Matthew (1997), "Recent History (The Holocene)", in Denoon, Donald, The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 52-69
5. ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier,. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, p. 433. ISBN 0-78581-307-1.Boston&rft.pages=p.%20433&rft.isbn=0-78581-307-1">
6. ^ Mackenzie, S.S. (1927). Volume X – The Australians at Rabaul: The Capture and Administration of the German Possessions in the Southern Pacific (English). Australia in the War of 1914-1918 pp. 2, 178, 345-366. Australian War Memorial.
7. ^ Frierson, Major William C. (1946). The Admiralties: Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division, 29 February - 18 May 1944. American Forces in Action. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Admiralty Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska, at . It is 4,264.1 km² (1,646.4 sq mi) in land area.
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island (IPA: /aɪ.lɪnd/) or isle (IPA: /aɪ.ʌl
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Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea.
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Geography
The Bismarck archipelago includes mostly volcanic islands spread into 4 provinces with an area of 49...... Click the link for more information.
Manus Province is the smallest province in Papua New Guinea with a land area of 2,100 km², but with more than 220,000 km² of water. The capital of the province is Lorengau and the total population is 43,387 (2000 census).
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Motto
Unity in diversity[1]
Anthem
O Arise, All You Sons[2]
Capital Port Moresby
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Unity in diversity[1]
Anthem
O Arise, All You Sons[2]
Capital Port Moresby
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Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of surface area, the square metre, one of the SI derived units. 1 km² is equal to:
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- 1,000,000 m²
- 100 ha (hectare)
- 1 m² = 0.
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square mile is an imperial and US unit of area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. It should not be confused with the archaic miles square, which refers to the number of miles on each side squared.
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Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest island of the Admiralty Islands. It is the 5th largest island in Papua New Guinea with an area of 2,100 km², measuring around 100kms x 30kms.
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Los Negros Island is the third largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is significant because it contains the main airport of Manus Province on its western coastline, at Momote. It is connected to the capital of the province, on Manus Island via a highway and bridge.
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Rambutyo Island is one of the Admiralty Islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, located at . Politically, Rambutyo Island is part of Manus Province, Papua New Guinea.
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Baluan Island is the southern most island of the Admiralty Islands group which make up the majority of Manus Province in Papua New Guinea. It is formed from an extinct volcano.
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atoll is an island of coral that encircles a lagoon partially or completely.
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Usage
Beau Briggs, the foremost atoll expert, says that the word atoll comes from the Dhivehi (an Indo-Aryan language spoken on the Maldive Islands) word atholhu..... Click the link for more information.
The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23.03 to 5.332 million years before the present. As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the start and end are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are uncertain.
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endemic, it is unique to its own place or region; it is found only there, and not found naturally anywhere else. The place must be a discrete geographical unit, often an island or island group, but sometimes a country, habitat type, or other defined area or zone.
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An ecoregion (ecological region), sometimes called a bioregion, is the next smallest ecologically and geographically defined area beneath "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large area of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct
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Calophyllum
L.
Species
Calophyllum amoenum
Calophyllum angulare
Calophyllum angustifolium
Calophyllum antillanum
Calophyllum australianum
Calophyllum austroindicum
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L.
Species
Calophyllum amoenum
Calophyllum angulare
Calophyllum angustifolium
Calophyllum antillanum
Calophyllum australianum
Calophyllum austroindicum
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Lorengau
Manus,
Papua New Guinea
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Manus,
Papua New Guinea
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IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), created in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species.
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R. semirubra
Binomial name
Rhipidura semirubra
Sclater, 1877
The Manus Fantail Rhipidura semirubra is a fantail endemic to the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea.
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Binomial name
Rhipidura semirubra
Sclater, 1877
The Manus Fantail Rhipidura semirubra is a fantail endemic to the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea.
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P. superba
Binomial name
Pitta superba
Rothschild & Hartert, 1914
The Superb Pitta, Pitta superba is a large pitta, approximately 22cm long.
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Binomial name
Pitta superba
Rothschild & Hartert, 1914
The Superb Pitta, Pitta superba is a large pitta, approximately 22cm long.
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T. manusi
Binomial name
Tyto manusi
Rothschild & Hartert, 1914
The Manus Masked Owl (Tyto manusi) is a barn owl endemic to Manus Island in Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea.
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Binomial name
Tyto manusi
Rothschild & Hartert, 1914
The Manus Masked Owl (Tyto manusi) is a barn owl endemic to Manus Island in Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea.
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P. albitorques
Binomial name
Philemon albitorques
Sclater, 1877
The White-naped Friarbird (Philemon albitorques) is a species of bird in the Meliphagidae family.
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Binomial name
Philemon albitorques
Sclater, 1877
The White-naped Friarbird (Philemon albitorques) is a species of bird in the Meliphagidae family.
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M. infelix
Binomial name
Monarcha infelix
Sclater, 1877
The Manus Monarch (Monarcha infelix) is a species of bird in the Monarchidae family. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
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Binomial name
Monarcha infelix
Sclater, 1877
The Manus Monarch (Monarcha infelix) is a species of bird in the Monarchidae family. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
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N. meeki
Binomial name
Ninox meeki
(Rothschild & Hartert, 1914)
The Manus Hawk Owl, Ninox meeki, is a small owl.
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Binomial name
Ninox meeki
(Rothschild & Hartert, 1914)
The Manus Hawk Owl, Ninox meeki, is a small owl.
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Melomys
Thomas, 1922
Species
Melomys aerosus
Melomys arcium
Melomys bannisteri
Melomys bougainville
Melomys burtoni
Melomys capensis
Melomys caurinus
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Thomas, 1922
Species
Melomys aerosus
Melomys arcium
Melomys bannisteri
Melomys bougainville
Melomys burtoni
Melomys capensis
Melomys caurinus
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New Guinea<nowiki />
Political division of New Guinea
Geography
<nowiki/>
Location Island north of Australian continent
Coordinates
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Political division of New Guinea
Geography
<nowiki/>
Location Island north of Australian continent
Coordinates
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Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea.
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Geography
The Bismarck archipelago includes mostly volcanic islands spread into 4 provinces with an area of 49...... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"To Lead is to Serve"
Anthem
God Save Our Solomon Islands
Royal anthem
God Save the Queen
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"To Lead is to Serve"
Anthem
God Save Our Solomon Islands
Royal anthem
God Save the Queen
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Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, and north of Australia.
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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