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Information about Acm Computing Classification System

The ACM Computing Classification System is a subject classification system for computer science devised by the Association for Computing Machinery. The system has gone through six revisions, the first version being published in 1964, and revised versions appearing in 1982, 1983, 1987, 1991, and the now current version in 1998.

The system is comparable to the Mathematics Subject Classification in scope, aims and structure, being used by the various ACM journals to organise subjects by area. It is hierarchically structured in four levels: three outer levels, coded by capital letters and numbers, and an uncoded fourth level of subject descriptors. Thus, for example, one branch of the hierarchy contains
I. Computing Methodologies, which contains:
:I.2 Artificial Intelligence, which contains:
::I.2.4 Knowledge representation formalisms and methods, which contains:
:::Temporal logic.


Each top-level category has two standard subcategories: "general", coded with a "0", and "miscellaneous", coded with a "m". For instance, I.0 denotes the "general" subcategory of Computing Methodologies, while I.m denotes its miscellaneous subcategory. Several subtopics are listed as uncoded subject descriptors in these standard subcategories.

The 1998 classification

Section A of the classification is for general computing literature. It includes subtopics for introductory and survey material, and for reference works.

Section B, on hardware, has subtopics for control structures and microprogramming, arithmetic and logic structures, memory structures, input/output and data communications, register-transfer-level implementation, logic design, integrated circuits, and performance and reliability.

Section C concerns computer systems organization. The subtopics of this section are processor architectures, computer-communication networks, special-purpose and application-based systems, performance of systems, and computer system implementation.

Section D of the classification is entitled Software. This section includes two subtopics on software development: programming techniques and software engineering. Two more subtopics concern the software infrastructure needed to run other software: programming languages and operating systems.

Section E, on data, includes subtopics on data structures, data storage representations, data encryption, coding and information theory, and files.

Section F of the classification includes several topics from the theory of computation: computation by abstract devices, analysis of algorithms and problem complexity, logics and meanings of programs, mathematical logic, and formal languages.

Section G contains topics involving the mathematics of computing. Its subtopics are numerical analysis, discrete mathematics, probability and statistics, and mathematical software.

Section H is on information systems. It includes subtopics for models and principles, database management, information storage and retrieval, information systems applications, and information interfaces and presentation (e.g., HCI).

Section I, on computing methodologies, covers a diverse set of subtopics concerning different application areas of computation: symbolic and algebraic manipulation, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, image processing and computer vision, pattern recognition, simulation and modeling, and document and text processing.

Section J also covers computer applications, but with a focus more on the different application areas and less on the different styles of computation one does in each of those areas. Its subtopics are administrative data processing, physical sciences and engineering, life and medical sciences, social and behavioral sciences, arts and humanities, computer-aided engineering, and computers in other systems.

The final section of the 1998 classification, section K, has as its title Computing Milieux. The subtopics of this section are the computer industry, history of computing, computers and education, computers and society, legal aspects of computing, management of computing and information systems, the computing profession, and personal computing.

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Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
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Association for Computing Machinery

Formation 1947
Headquarters New York, NY
Membership 83,000
President Stuart Feldman
Website [1]

The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s  1940s  1950s  - 1960s -  1970s  1980s  1990s
1961 1962 1963 - 1964 - 1965 1966 1967

Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator).

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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1979 1980 1981 - 1982 - 1983 1984 1985

Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1980 1981 1982 - 1983 - 1984 1985 1986

Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1984 1985 1986 - 1987 - 1988 1989 1990

Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s  2020s
1988 1989 1990 - 1991 - 1992 1993 1994

Year 1991 (MCMXCI
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s  2020s
1995 1996 1997 - 1998 - 1999 2000 2001

Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII
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The Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) is a numerical classification scheme formulated by the American Mathematical Society.

It is used by many mathematics journals, which ask authors of research papers and expository articles to list subject codes from the Mathematics
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artificial intelligence (or AI) is "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success.
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Knowledge representation is an issue that arises in both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. In cognitive science it is concerned with how people store and process information.
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In logic, the term temporal logic is used to describe any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time. It is sometimes also used to refer to tense logic, a particular modal logic-based system of temporal logic
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A control unit is the part of a CPU or other device that directs its operation. The outputs of the unit control the activity of the rest of the device. A control unit can be thought of as a finite state machine.
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A microprogram implements a CPU instruction set. Just as a single high level language statement is compiled to a series of machine instructions (load, store, shift, etc), in a CPU using microcode, each machine instruction is in turn implemented by a series of microinstructions,
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arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers.
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Computer data storage, computer memory, and often casually storage or memory refer to computer components, devices and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time.
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The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter.
Please help [ improve the introduction] to meet Wikipedia's layout standards.

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In integrated circuit design, Register Transfer Level (RTL) description is a way of describing the operation of a synchronous digital circuit. In RTL design, a circuit's behavior is defined in terms of the flow of signals (or transfer of data) between hardware registers, and
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integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a
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Performance tuning is the improvement of system performance. This is typically a computer application, but the same methods can be applied to economic markets, bureaucracies or other complex systems.
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Reliability engineering is an engineering field, that deals with the study reliability: the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time.[1] It is often reported in terms of a probability.
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In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometime abbreviated to µarch or uarch) is a description of the electrical circuitry of a computer, central processing unit, or digital signal processor that is sufficient for completely describing the operation of the hardware.
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central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer capable of executing a program.(Knott 1974) It interprets computer program instructions and processes data.
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Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. Networking, routers, routing protocols, and networking over the public Internet have their specifications defined in documents called RFCs.
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Performance tuning is the improvement of system performance. This is typically a computer application, but the same methods can be applied to economic markets, bureaucracies or other complex systems.
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Implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy.

In computer science, an implementation is a realization of a technical specification or algorithm as a program, software
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Computer software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some task on a computer system. [1]
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Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.[1] The term software engineering
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A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages, like natural languagess, are defined by syntactic and semantic rules which describe their structure and meaning respectively.
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