Information about 1881
| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s |
| Years: | 1878 1879 1880 - 1881 - 1882 1883 1884 |
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| Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
| Art - Literature - Music - Science |
| Sports - Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia - Canada - Ireland - |
| Mexico - South Africa - U.S. - UK |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: - |
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Events of 1881
January - March
- January 16-January 24 - Siege of Geok Tepe - Russian troops under general Skobeleff defeat Turkomans.
- January 24 - William Edward Forster, the chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion Bill: it goes through a long debate before it is accepted February 2.
- January 25 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.
- February 2 - Parkfield Earthquake occurs.
- February 5 - Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated.
- February 13 - First issue of the feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is published by Hubertine Auclert.
- February 19 - Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.
- March 12 - Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.
- March 13 - Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. He is succeeded by his son, Alexander III.
April - June
- April 14 - Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight erupted in El Paso, Texas.
- April 21 - The University of Connecticut is founded as the Storrs Agricultural School.
- April 25 - Caulfield Grammar School is founded in Melbourne, Australia.
- April 28 - Billy the Kid escapes from New Mexico jail.
- May 12 - In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
- May 21 - The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.
- May 21 - The United States Tennis Association is established by a small group of tennis club members.
- June 12 - The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
July - September
- July 1 - General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organization, came into effect.
- July 2 - James Abram Garfield, President of the United States is shot by lawyer Charles Julius Guiteau. He survives the assassination attempt but he suffers from infection of his wound.
- July 4 - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.
- July 20 - Indian Wars: Sioux chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford in Montana.
- August 3 - Pretoria Convention peace treaty signed, officially ending the war between the Boers and Britain.
- August 27 - A hurricane hits Florida and Carolinas: about 700 die.
- September 5 - The Thumb Fire in the U.S. state of Michigan destroys over a million acres (4,000 km²) and kills 282 people.
- September 12 - Francis Howell High School (Howell Institute) opens making it the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River.
- September 19 - US President James A. Garfield dies. Vice President Chester Arthur becomes the 21st President of the United States.
October - December
- October 3 - Apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, scientist and mathematician Orson Pratt dies in Utah.
- October 26 - Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona, USA.
- October 29 - The Judge (US magazine) is first published.
- November 11 - The Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech was completed and unveiled to the public.
- November 19 - A meteorite struck earth near the village of Großliebenthal, a few kilometers southwest of Odessa, Ukraine.
- December 3 - Henry Fillmore, famous concert march composer, was born.
- December 5 - The 47th US Congress (1881-83) convenes.
- December 8 - At least 620 die in fire at the Ring Theatre, Vienna.
Undated
- New York City's oldest independent school for girls, the Convent of the Sacred Heart New York (91st Street), is founded.
- Edward Rudolf founded the 'Church of England Central Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays' (now The Children's Society).
- The Pali Text Society is founded.
- University College Dublin is established in Ireland.
- The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) is founded, and the first U.S. Tennis Championships are played.
- Founding of the League of the Three Emperors.
- London Euiolb.kws begins publication.
- Some Vatican archives opened to scholars for the first time.
- Abilene, Texas is founded.
- Newcastle United F.C. is founded as Stanley F.C., with a further name change to Newcastle East End F.C. a few months later.
- Leyton Orient F.C. is founded.
- Minto, North Dakota is founded.
- Rafaela, Argentina is formed.
- Culford School a public school in Suffolk, United Kingdom is founded.
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1881 MDCCCLXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2634 |
| Armenian calendar | 1330 ԹՎ ՌՅԼ |
| Bah' calendar | 37 – 38 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2425 |
| Chinese calendar | 4517/4577-7-27 (庚辰年七月廿七日) — to — 4518/4578-7-8(辛巳年七月初八日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1597 – 1598 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1873 – 1874 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5641 – 5642 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1936 – 1937 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1803 – 1804 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4982 – 4983 |
| Holocene calendar | 11881 |
| Iranian calendar | 1259 – 1260 |
| Islamic calendar | 1298 – 1299 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 0 (明治0年) |
| - Imperial Year | Kōki 2541 (皇紀2541年) |
| Julian calendar | 1926 |
| Korean calendar | 4214 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2424 |
January - June
- January 1 - Vajiravudh, King of Thailand (d. 1925)
- January 9
- Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (d. 1938)
- Giovanni Papini, Italian essayist, poet, and novelist (d. 1956)
- January 17 - Antoni Lomnicki, Polish mathematician (d. 1941)
- January 31 - Irving Langmuir, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
- February 12 - Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931)
- March 4
- Maude Fealy, American stage and film actor (d. 1971)
- Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American writer (d. 1965)
- Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (d. 1948)
- March 9 - Ernest Bevin, British labour leader, politician, and statesman (d. 1951)
- March 17 - Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- March 23
- Roger Martin du Gard, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- Hermann Staudinger, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
- March 25
- Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
- Mary Webb, English writer (d. 1927)
- May 14 - G. Murray Hulbert, American politician (d. 1950)
- May 19 - Official birthday of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and the first President of Turkey (d. 1938)
- May 20 - Władysław Sikorski, Polish general and politician (d. 1943)
- June 17 - Tommy Burns, Canadian-born boxer (d. 1955)
July - December
- July 2 - Royal H. Weller, American politician (d. 1929)
- July 4 - Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier and planner (d. 1968)
- July 27 - Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
- July 30 - Smedley Butler, U.S. general (d. 1940)
- August 6 - Sir Alexander Fleming, Scottish researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1955)
- August 19 - Georges Enescu, Romanian composer (d. 1955)
- August 20 - Edgar Guest, English poet (d. 1959)
- September 5 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (d. 1938)
- September 8 - Harry Hillman, American athlete (d. 1945)
- September 16 - Clive Bell, English art critic (d. 1964)
- September 17 - Alfred Francis Blakeney Carpenter, English soldier (d. 1955)
- September 26 - Hiram Wesley Evans, Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard (d. 1966)
- October 1 - William Boeing, American engineer and airplane manufacturer (d. 1956)
- October 11 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist (d. 1973)
- October 15
- William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1944)
- P. G. Wodehouse, English-born writer (d. 1975)
- October 22 - Clinton Davisson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- October 25 - Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter (d. 1973)Begun to paint on 1900. All works before that year belongs to his father, José Ruiz Blasco. Case in Central Trial Court.
- November 14 - Nicholas Schenck, Russian-born film studio executive (d. 1969)
- November 24 - Al Christie, Canadian-born director and producer (d. 1951)
- November 25 - Pope John XXIII (d. 1963)
- November 28 - Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (d. 1942)
- December 24 - Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- date unknown - Hiram Wesley Evans, American leader of KKK and prohibitionist (d. 1966)
- See also .
Deaths
January - June
- January 3 - Anna McNeill Whistler, Whistler's mother (b. 1804)
- January 21 - Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1802)
- February 5 - Thomas Carlyle, Scottish writer and historian (b. 1795)
- February 9 - Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian novelist (b. 1821)
- February 14 - Fernando Wood, New York City Mayor (b. 1812)
- March 13 - Czar Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)
- March 28 - Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (b. 1839)
- April 19 - Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
- May 24 - Samuel Palmer, English artist (b. 1805)
- May 25 - Giuseppe Maria Giulietti, Italian explorer (b. 1847)
- June 6 - Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian composer (b. 1820)
July - December
- July 14 - Billy the Kid, American gunslinger (b. 1859)
- July 17 - Jim Bridger, American explorer and trapper (b. 1804)
- September 7 - Sidney Lanier, American writer (b. 1842)
- September 8 - Prince Frederik of the Netherlands, Dutch noble and general (b. 1797)
- September 19 - James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (assassinated) (b. 1831)
- September 22 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)
- October 3 - Orson Pratt, American religious leader (b. 1811)
- October 31 - George DeLong, American naval officer and explorer (starvation) (b. 1844)
- See also .
- Upper Paleolithic
- 10th millennium BC | 9th millennium BC | 8th millennium BC
- 7th millennium BC | 6th millennium BC | 5th millennium BC
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The 18th Century lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar.
Historians sometimes specifically define the 18th Century otherwise for the purposes of their work.
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Historians sometimes specifically define the 18th Century otherwise for the purposes of their work.
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For the periodical, see .
The 19th Century (also written XIX century) lasted from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. It is often referred to as the "1800s...... Click the link for more information.
twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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list of decades which have articles with more information about them.
During the twentieth century, it became popular to look at that century's decades as historical entities in themselves.
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During the twentieth century, it became popular to look at that century's decades as historical entities in themselves.
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1850 1851 1852 1853 1854
1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
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1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1850 1851 1852 1853 1854
1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
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Events and Trends
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864
1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864
1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
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Events and trends
Technology
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874
1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
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1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874
1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
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Events and Trends
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
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1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
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Events and Trends
Technology
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
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- The 1890s
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1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
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- The 1890s
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1870s 1880s 1890s - 1900s - 1910s 1920s 1930s
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904
1905 1906 1907 1908 1909
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1870s 1880s 1890s - 1900s - 1910s 1920s 1930s
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904
1905 1906 1907 1908 1909
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Events and trends
Technology
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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1910 1911 1912 1913 1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
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1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
1910 1911 1912 1913 1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
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Events and trends
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This page indexes the individual years pages.
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Twenty-first century
- 2100 - 2099 - 2098 - 2097 - 2096 - 2095 - 2094 - 2093 - 2092 - 2091
- 2090 - 2089 - 2088 - 2087 - 2086 - 2085 - 2084 - 2083 - 2082 - 2081
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1875 1876 1877 - 1878 - 1879 1880 1881
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1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1875 1876 1877 - 1878 - 1879 1880 1881
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
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850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1877 1878 1879 - 1880 - 1881 1882 1883
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1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1877 1878 1879 - 1880 - 1881 1882 1883
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1879 1880 1881 - 1882 - 1883 1884 1885
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1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1879 1880 1881 - 1882 - 1883 1884 1885
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 - 1883 - 1884 1885 1886
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1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 - 1883 - 1884 1885 1886
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1881 1882 1883 - 1884 - 1885 1886 1887
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1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1881 1882 1883 - 1884 - 1885 1886 1887
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-1881- 1882 1883 1884 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 . 1890 . 1891
In science: 1878 1879 1880 -1881- 1882 1883 1884
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In science: 1878 1879 1880 -1881- 1882 1883 1884
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-1881- 1882 . 1883 . 1884 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 . 1890 .
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-1881- 1882 . 1883 . 1884 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 . 1890 .
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-1881- 1882 1883 1884 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 . 1890 . 1891
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-1881- 1882 . 1883 . 1884 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 . 1890 .
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-1881- 1882 . 1883 . 1884 1885 . 1886 . 1887 . 1888 . 1889 . 1890 .
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1881 1882 1883 1884
18th century · 19th century · 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s
1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
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18th century · 19th century · 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s
1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
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154, p. 9-15. White, John H., Jr. (1968). A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830-1880. New York, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-23818-0.
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1881 census results
NSW Vic Qld Tas SA NT WA Australia
751,468 862,346 213,525 115,704 276,414 9,797 29,708 2,250,194
Northern Territory was counted within South Australia (286,211) and was 3,451 plus 6,346 Aboriginals in settled districts.
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NSW Vic Qld Tas SA NT WA Australia
751,468 862,346 213,525 115,704 276,414 9,797 29,708 2,250,194
Northern Territory was counted within South Australia (286,211) and was 3,451 plus 6,346 Aboriginals in settled districts.
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See also: 1880 in Canada, other events of 1881, 1882 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history.
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Events
- January 17, The Interprovincial Bridge connecting Ottawa to Hull, Quebec, opens
- February 16, The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated
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- Irish Cup
- :Winners: Moyola Park 1 - 0 Cliftonville (first ever Irish Cup winners)
Births
- 15 February - Piaras Béaslaí, member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, member of Dáil Éireann, author, playwright, biographer and translator
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Herod_Archelaus