Information about 1860s
| Millennia: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| Years: | 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 |
| Categories: | - - - |
Events and trends
Technology
- The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869.
Science
- Alfred Nobel creates dynamite in Germany
- James Clerk Maxwell publishes his equations that quantify the relationship between electricity and magnetism, and shows that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation
- Gregor Mendel formulates Mendel's laws of inheritance, the basis for genetics
- Dimitri Mendeleev develops the periodic table
War, peace and politics
- Italian Unification under King Victor Emmanuel II. Wars for expansion and national unity continue until the incorporation of the Papal States (March 17, 1861 - September 20, 1870).
- American Civil War fought between the remaining United States of America under President Abraham Lincoln and the self-declared Confederate States of America under President Jefferson Davis (April 12, 1861 - April 9, 1865). Beginning of the Reconstruction era under President Andrew Johnson (1865 - 1869).
- French occupation of Mexico (1863 - 1867). Replacement of President of Mexico Benito Juárez (1861 - 1863) at first with Juan Nepomuceno Almonte (1863 - 1864) and then by Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (1864 - 1867). Benito Juárez eventually manages to recover his position (1867 - 1872).
- Meiji Restoration in Japan (1866 - 1869). Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 15th and last of the Tokugawa shoguns loses control to the Meiji Emperor. A series of reforms follows. The samurai class fails to survive while the Daimyo turn to politics.
- The Dominion of Canada is created by the British North America Act
- President of the United States Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, April 15, 1865.
- Florence Nightingale founds school for nurses in 1860.
- On 18 October 1860 the first Convention of Peking formally ended the Second Opium War.
Culture and religion
- In Catholicism, reaction against higher criticism and the liberal movement in Europe
- The Football Association is formed in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, paving the way for Association football to become the world's predominant spectator sport
- The Seventh-day Adventist Church becomes officially established in 1863 in Battle Creek, Michigan.
- Bahá'u'lláh declares his station as "One who was made Manifest", in the Garden of Ridván, as foretold by the Báb. Bahá'ís see this as the beginning date of the Bahá'í Faith.
- The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is co-founded by William and Catherine Booth in London, England in 1865.
Other
- The London Fire Department was established in 1865.
Literature and Arts
- Leo Tolstoy publishes War and Peace.
- Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
World leaders
- Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
- Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald (Canada)
- Emperor Napoleon III (Second French Empire)
- King William I, German Emperor (Germany)
- King Victor Emmanuel II (Italy)
- Pope Pius IX
- Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
- Queen Isabella II (Spain)
- Queen Victoria (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Prime Minister Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Prime Minister Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- President James Buchanan (United States)
- President Abraham Lincoln (United States)
- President Andrew Johnson (United States)
- President Jefferson Davis (Confederate States of America)
- President Ulysses S. Grant (United States)
- Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
- Emperor Kōmei (Japan)
- Emperor Meiji (Japan)
- Emperor Xianfeng (China)
- Emperor Tongzhi (China)
Links
A millennium (pl. millennia) is a period of time equal to one thousand years (from Latin mille, thousand, and annum, year).
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1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium On the Gregorian calendar, the 2nd millennium commenced on 1 January, 1001, and ended at the end of 31 December, 2000.
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- Upper Paleolithic
- 10th millennium BC | 9th millennium BC | 8th millennium BC
- 7th millennium BC | 6th millennium BC | 5th millennium BC
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For the periodical, see .
The 19th Century (also written XIX century) lasted from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. It is often referred to as the "1800s...... Click the link for more information.
twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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list of decades which have articles with more information about them.
During the twentieth century, it became popular to look at that century's decades as historical entities in themselves.
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During the twentieth century, it became popular to look at that century's decades as historical entities in themselves.
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s
1830 1831 1832 1833 1834
1835 1836 1837 1838 1839
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1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s
1830 1831 1832 1833 1834
1835 1836 1837 1838 1839
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Events and trends
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1810s 1820s 1830s - 1840s - 1850s 1860s 1870s
1840 1841 1842 1843 1844
1845 1846 1847 1848 1849
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1810s 1820s 1830s - 1840s - 1850s 1860s 1870s
1840 1841 1842 1843 1844
1845 1846 1847 1848 1849
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Events and trends
Technology
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1850 1851 1852 1853 1854
1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
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1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
1850 1851 1852 1853 1854
1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
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Events and Trends
Technology
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874
1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
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1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874
1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
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Events and Trends
Technology
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
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1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
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Events and Trends
Technology
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
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- The 1890s
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1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
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- The 1890s
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1857 1858 1859 - 1860 - 1861 1862 1863
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1857 1858 1859 - 1860 - 1861 1862 1863
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1858 1859 1860 - 1861 - 1862 1863 1864
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1858 1859 1860 - 1861 - 1862 1863 1864
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1859 1860 1861 - 1862 - 1863 1864 1865
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1859 1860 1861 - 1862 - 1863 1864 1865
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1861 1862 1863 - 1864 - 1865 1866 1867
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1861 1862 1863 - 1864 - 1865 1866 1867
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1862 1863 1864 - 1865 - 1866 1867 1868
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1862 1863 1864 - 1865 - 1866 1867 1868
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1863 1864 1865 - 1866 - 1867 1868 1869
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1863 1864 1865 - 1866 - 1867 1868 1869
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1864 1865 1866 - 1867 - 1868 1869 1870
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1864 1865 1866 - 1867 - 1868 1869 1870
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1865 1866 1867 - 1868 - 1869 1870 1871
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1865 1866 1867 - 1868 - 1869 1870 1871
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1866 1867 1868 - 1869 - 1870 1871 1872
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1866 1867 1868 - 1869 - 1870 1871 1872
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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This page has been semi-protected from editing to deal with vandalism.
Semi-protection is not an endorsement of the current version. To see other versions, view the [ page history].
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Semi-protection is not an endorsement of the current version. To see other versions, view the [ page history].
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1866 1867 1868 - 1869 - 1870 1871 1872
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
1866 1867 1868 - 1869 - 1870 1871 1872
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Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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(October 21, 1833, Stockholm, Sweden – December 10, 1896, Sanremo, Italy) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite.
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Dynamite is an explosive based on the explosive potential of nitroglycerin, initially using diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) as an adsorbent. It was invented by Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in 1866 in Krümmel (Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and patented in
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Anthem
"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
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James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell
Born May 13 1831
Edinburgh, Scotland
Died November 5 1879 (aged 48)
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James Clerk Maxwell
Born May 13 1831
Edinburgh, Scotland
Died November 5 1879 (aged 48)
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