Information about 1080i
1080i is a shorthand name for a category of video modes. The number 1080 stands for 1080 lines of vertical resolution, while the letter i stands for interlaced or non-progressive scan. 1080i is considered to be an HDTV video mode. The term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels and a frame resolution of 1920 × 1080 or about 2.07 million pixels. The frame rate in hertz can be either implied by the context or specified after the letter i. The two frame rates in common use are 25 and 30 Hz, with the former (1080i25) generally being used in traditional PAL and SECAM countries (Europe, Australia, much of Asia, Africa), and the latter (1080i30) being used in traditional NTSC countries (e.g. United States, Canada and Japan). Both variants can be transmitted by both major digital television formats, ATSC and DVB. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU), prefers to use the resolution and field rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25.
1080i is directly compatible with CRT-based HDTV sets. CRT-based HDTV never entered the market in large volumes. 1080i is compatible with newer 720p- and 1080p-based televisions but must be deinterlaced first in order to be displayed on those sets.
Due to revision of the NTSC format when color became available, the frame rate of actual 1080i broadcasts is usually 0.1% slower than is implied. For example, a 1080i30 or "30 Hz" transmission actually displays about 29.97 frames each second. Both the straight 24/30/60 and 23.976/29.97/59.94 frequencies are supported by current standards.
Progressive format 1080p50 or 60 is foreseen as the future broadcasting standard for production[1].
For a comparison between 1080i and 720p, see the 720p article.
Current digital television broadcast systems and standards are not equipped for 1080p50/60 transmission. Also, the majority of consumer televisions offered for sale are currently not equipped to receive or decode a 1080p signal at any frequency. It is less bandwidth-intensive to broadcast a film at 1080p24 than 1080i30, since 20% less data would be transferred. In addition, when the source material is 24 frames per second, as are most films, it would be easy to convert a 1080p24 broadcast to an NTSC 1080i30 format using a 3:2 pulldown process (see telecine). Moreover, displaying a p24 broadcast on an i50 system (such as PAL) requires the speed of video and audio be increased by over 4% (to 25 frames per second).
For videos the frames (25 or 30 per second) are segmented into two interlaced fields with equal time index (psf, progressive in or with segmented frames). The deinterlacer has to perform a simple weave only. This ensures compatibility with 1080i25/30 with only a little less coding efficiency than 1080p25/30 and half the bandwidth requirement of 1080p50/60, but the SDTV problems of PAL speed-up and Telecine judder remain.
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1080i is directly compatible with CRT-based HDTV sets. CRT-based HDTV never entered the market in large volumes. 1080i is compatible with newer 720p- and 1080p-based televisions but must be deinterlaced first in order to be displayed on those sets.
Due to revision of the NTSC format when color became available, the frame rate of actual 1080i broadcasts is usually 0.1% slower than is implied. For example, a 1080i30 or "30 Hz" transmission actually displays about 29.97 frames each second. Both the straight 24/30/60 and 23.976/29.97/59.94 frequencies are supported by current standards.
Progressive format 1080p50 or 60 is foreseen as the future broadcasting standard for production[1].
For a comparison between 1080i and 720p, see the 720p article.
1080i vs 1080p
To compare 1080i and 1080p, it is important to compare framerates. Due to interlacing, 1080i has twice the frame-rate but half the resolution of a 1080p signal using the same bandwidth, although, also due to interlacing, 1080i looks to be the same resolution, although with more flicker. Faster frame-rates are especially useful in sports shows and other shows with fast-moving action. However, on some flat screens that do not support interlacing, this instead becomes smeared or jarred artifacts.Current digital television broadcast systems and standards are not equipped for 1080p50/60 transmission. Also, the majority of consumer televisions offered for sale are currently not equipped to receive or decode a 1080p signal at any frequency. It is less bandwidth-intensive to broadcast a film at 1080p24 than 1080i30, since 20% less data would be transferred. In addition, when the source material is 24 frames per second, as are most films, it would be easy to convert a 1080p24 broadcast to an NTSC 1080i30 format using a 3:2 pulldown process (see telecine). Moreover, displaying a p24 broadcast on an i50 system (such as PAL) requires the speed of video and audio be increased by over 4% (to 25 frames per second).
For videos the frames (25 or 30 per second) are segmented into two interlaced fields with equal time index (psf, progressive in or with segmented frames). The deinterlacer has to perform a simple weave only. This ensures compatibility with 1080i25/30 with only a little less coding efficiency than 1080p25/30 and half the bandwidth requirement of 1080p50/60, but the SDTV problems of PAL speed-up and Telecine judder remain.
| Designation | Usage examples | Definition (lines) | Rate (Hz) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interlaced (fields) | Progressive (frames) | |||
| Low; MP@LL | LDTV, VCD | 240; 288 (SIF) | 24, 30; 25 | |
| Standard; MP@ML | SDTV, SVCD, DVD, DV | 480 (NTSC, PAL-M) | 60 | 24, 30 |
| 576 (PAL, SECAM) | 50 | 25 | ||
| Enhanced | EDTV | 480; 576 | 60; 50 | |
| High; MP@HL | HDTV, HD DVD, Blu-ray Disc, HDV | 720 | 24, 30, 60; 25, 50 | |
| 1080 | 50, 60 | 24, 30; 25 | ||
) Visual comparison of common video/TV display resolutions | ||||
| This table illustrates total horizontal and vertical pixel resolution via box size. It does not accurately reflect the screen shape (aspect ratio) of these formats, which is either 4:3 or 16:9. | ||||
See also
References
External links
- High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production (EBU technical publication)
- 1080i vs. 1080p HDTV: should you care? - CNET Review - October 24, 2005
- What is 1080i?
| [ edit ] Video formats |
|---|
| Analog broadcast |
| 525 lines: NTSC | NTSC-J | PAL-M |
| 625 lines: PAL | PAL-N | PALplus | SECAM |
| Defunct systems: Pre-1940 | 405 lines | 819 lines | Baird-Nipkow | MAC | MUSE |
| Multichannel audio: BTSC (MTS) | NICAM-728 | Zweiton (A2, IGR) |
| Hidden signals: Captioning | Teletext | CGMS-A | GCR | PDC | VBI | VEIL | VITC | WSS | XDS |
| Digital broadcast |
| Interlaced: SDTV (480i, 576i) | HDTV (1080i) |
| Progressive: LDTV (240p, 288p, 1seg) | EDTV (480p, 576p) | HDTV (720p, 1080p) |
| Digital TV standards: MPEG-2: ATSC, DVB, ISDB | MPEG-4: SBTVD |
| Multichannel audio: AAC (5.1) | Musicam | PCM | LPCM |
| Hidden signals: Captioning | Teletext | (CPCM/Broadcast flag) | AFD | EPG |
| Digital cinema: UHDV (2540p, 4320p) | DCI | 22.2 audio |
| Technical issues: | MPEG transport | Standards conversion | Video processing | VOD |
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Progressive or noninterlaced scanning is any method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence.
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High-definition television (HDTV) is a digital television broadcasting system with a significantly higher resolution than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM, PAL). While some early analog HDTV formats were broadcast in Europe and Japan, HDTV is usually broadcast digitally,
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widescreen image is a film, computer, or television image with a wider aspect ratio than the standard Academy frame developed during the classical Hollywood cinema era. Silent film was projected at a ratio of four units wide to three units tall, often expressed as 4:3 or 1.33:1.
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pixel (short for picture element, using the common abbreviation "pix" for "pictures") is a single point in a graphic image. Each such information element is not really a dot, nor a square, but an abstract sample.
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Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well to computer graphics, video cameras, film cameras, and motion capture systems.
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hertz (symbol: Hz) is the SI unit of frequency. Its base unit is cycle/s or s-1 (also called inverse seconds, reciprocal seconds). In English, hertz is used as both singular and plural.
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720p is the shorthand name for a category of HDTV video modes. The number 720 stands for 720 lines of vertical display resolution, while the letter p stands for progressive scan or non-interlaced.
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1080p is the shorthand name for a category of display resolutions. The number "1080" represents 1,080 lines of vertical resolution,[1] while the letter p stands for progressive scan (meaning the image is not interlaced). 1080p is considered an HDTV video mode.
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Deinterlacing is the process of converting interlaced video, like common analog television signals, into a non-interlaced form.
Video (or film) consists of a series of images played in succession, each of these images is known as a frame.
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Video (or film) consists of a series of images played in succession, each of these images is known as a frame.
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1080p is the shorthand name for a category of display resolutions. The number "1080" represents 1,080 lines of vertical resolution,[1] while the letter p stands for progressive scan (meaning the image is not interlaced). 1080p is considered an HDTV video mode.
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Interlace is a technique of improving the picture quality of a video signal without consuming any extra bandwidth. It was invented by RCA engineer Randall C. Ballard in the 1930s.
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Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example, a filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum, and is typically measured in hertz.
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