Information about .bitnet
| Introduced | 1985 |
|---|---|
| TLD type | Pseudo-domain-style address suffix |
| Status | Formerly used in addresses and site names |
| Registry | None |
| Sponsor | CREN |
| Intended use | To designate an address or hostname connected via BITNET |
| Actual use | Was widely used in late 1980s, but is no longer in use |
| Registration restrictions | No registrations are possible, as this domain is not in the root |
| Structure | Appended to right of BITNET hostnames |
| Documents | ? |
| Dispute policies | None |
| Web site | None |
.bitnet was a pseudo-domain-style suffix used in the late 1980s when identifying a hostname not connected directly to the Internet but possibly reachable through inter-network gateways. In this case, it indicated that the hostname preceding it was reachable via the BITNET network. This was one of several apparent "top-level domains" that were not actually in the Internet root, but were sometimes used in addresses during the time when non-Internet networks remained in wide use. Of these, .arpa was the only one ever actually added to the Internet root, where it continues to exist in a redesignated purpose of "Address and Routing Parameter Area".
| Generic top-level domains | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unsponsored | .biz .com .edu .gov .info .int .mil .name .net .org | |
| Sponsored | .aero .asia .cat .coop .jobs .mobi .museum .pro .tel .travel | |
| Infrastructure | .arpa .root | |
| Proposed | .berlin .bzh .cym .gal .geo .kid .kids .lat .mail .nyc .post .sco .web .xxx | |
| Deleted/retired | .nato | |
| Reserved | .example .invalid .localhost .test | |
| Pseudo-domains | .bitnet .csnet .ip .local .onion .uucp | |
| Unofficial | see Alternative DNS roots | |
See also: Country code top-level domains | ||
20th century - 21st century
1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1982 1983 1984 - 1985 - 1986 1987 1988
Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar).
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1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1982 1983 1984 - 1985 - 1986 1987 1988
Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar).
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CREN was the Corporation for Research and Educational Networking. A not-for-profit corporation, its membership was originally comprised of the Higher Education and research organizations participating in Bitnet and CSNET.
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BITNET was a cooperative U.S. university network founded in 1981 under the aegis of Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University. The first network link was between CUNY and Yale.
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worldwide view of the subject.
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Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
This article may contain original research or unverified claims.
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A number of pseudo-top-level domains to be used in naming computers have been defined at various times. These "pseudo-TLDs" include .bitnet, .csnet, .local, .onion and .uucp.
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worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
This article may contain original research or unverified claims.
Please help Wikipedia by adding references.
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Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
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BITNET was a cooperative U.S. university network founded in 1981 under the aegis of Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University. The first network link was between CUNY and Yale.
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.arpa
Introduced 1985
TLD type Infrastructure domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor Internet Architecture Board
Intended use Address and Routing Parameter Area: internal network infrastructure such as reverse IP lookup.
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Introduced 1985
TLD type Infrastructure domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor Internet Architecture Board
Intended use Address and Routing Parameter Area: internal network infrastructure such as reverse IP lookup.
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A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is a top-level domain used (at least in theory) by a particular class of organization. These are three or more letters long, and are named for the type of organization that they represent (for example, .com for commercial organizations).
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.biz
Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Neulevel (90% owned by Neustar)
Sponsor None
Intended use Businesses
Actual use Various uses; many held by speculators or used in spam
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Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Neulevel (90% owned by Neustar)
Sponsor None
Intended use Businesses
Actual use Various uses; many held by speculators or used in spam
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.com
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry VeriSign
Sponsor None
Intended use Commercial entities (worldwide)
Actual use Used for virtually any commercial or non-commercial website and is generally accepted as the standard
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Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry VeriSign
Sponsor None
Intended use Commercial entities (worldwide)
Actual use Used for virtually any commercial or non-commercial website and is generally accepted as the standard
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.edu
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Educause (operated by VeriSign)
Sponsor Not technically sponsored, but Educause is a nonprofit organization
Intended use Educational institutions
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Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Educause (operated by VeriSign)
Sponsor Not technically sponsored, but Educause is a nonprofit organization
Intended use Educational institutions
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.gov
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry General Services Administration, operated by ZoneEdit
Sponsor None
Intended use Governmental entities
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Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry General Services Administration, operated by ZoneEdit
Sponsor None
Intended use Governmental entities
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.info
Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Afilias
Sponsor None
Intended use Informational sites
Actual use A variety of uses, many information, some held by speculators
Registration restrictions None
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Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Afilias
Sponsor None
Intended use Informational sites
Actual use A variety of uses, many information, some held by speculators
Registration restrictions None
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.int
Introduced 1988
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor None
Intended use International treaty organizations
Actual use Organizations with United Nations observer status
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Introduced 1988
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor None
Intended use International treaty organizations
Actual use Organizations with United Nations observer status
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.mil
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Defense Information Systems Agency
Sponsor None
Intended use Military entities
Actual use Agencies, services and divisions of the United States Department of Defense
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Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Defense Information Systems Agency
Sponsor None
Intended use Military entities
Actual use Agencies, services and divisions of the United States Department of Defense
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.name
Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Global Name Registry (operated by VeriSign)
Sponsor None
Intended use Personal sites of individuals
Actual use Mostly used as intended, but has not grown as fast as .com/.biz/.
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Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Global Name Registry (operated by VeriSign)
Sponsor None
Intended use Personal sites of individuals
Actual use Mostly used as intended, but has not grown as fast as .com/.biz/.
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.NET may refer to
.
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- The .net top-level domain
- .NET Framework, a Microsoft framework for application development
- Portable.NET
.
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.org
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Public Interest Registry (operated by Afilias)
Sponsor Not technically sponsored, but PIR is connected with the Internet Society
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Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Public Interest Registry (operated by Afilias)
Sponsor Not technically sponsored, but PIR is connected with the Internet Society
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A sponsored top-level domain is a generic top-level domain proposed by an independent agency, with that agency establishing and enforcing rules restricting the eligibility of registrants to use the TLD. For example, the .
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.aero
Introduced March 17, 2002
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry SITA INC B.V. (registry agreement ends in December, 2005 and new registry operator is being sought)
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Introduced March 17, 2002
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry SITA INC B.V. (registry agreement ends in December, 2005 and new registry operator is being sought)
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.asia
Introduced 2006
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Approved
Registry Afilias
Sponsor DotAsia Organisation
Intended use As a regional domain for Asia and the Pacific
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Introduced 2006
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Approved
Registry Afilias
Sponsor DotAsia Organisation
Intended use As a regional domain for Asia and the Pacific
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.cat
Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Associació puntCAT
Sponsor Fundació puntCAT
Intended use Catalan linguistic and cultural community
Actual use 15,000 domains and about 3 million web pages (As of July 2006)
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Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Associació puntCAT
Sponsor Fundació puntCAT
Intended use Catalan linguistic and cultural community
Actual use 15,000 domains and about 3 million web pages (As of July 2006)
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.coop
Introduced 2001
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Midcounties Co-operative operates the registry on behalf of DotCooperation LLC
Sponsor DotCooperation LLC, a subsidiary of the National Cooperative Business Association
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Introduced 2001
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Midcounties Co-operative operates the registry on behalf of DotCooperation LLC
Sponsor DotCooperation LLC, a subsidiary of the National Cooperative Business Association
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.jobs
Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Employ Media LLC
Sponsor The Society for Human Resource Management
Intended use Human resource management community; for companies and organizations to post their job listings
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Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Employ Media LLC
Sponsor The Society for Human Resource Management
Intended use Human resource management community; for companies and organizations to post their job listings
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.mobi
Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Approved
Registry Mobi JV (Mobi TLD)
Sponsor Nokia / Vodafone / Microsoft / Afilias
Intended use Sites intended for mobile device use
Actual use Began to be available for use in 2006
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Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Approved
Registry Mobi JV (Mobi TLD)
Sponsor Nokia / Vodafone / Microsoft / Afilias
Intended use Sites intended for mobile device use
Actual use Began to be available for use in 2006
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.museum
Introduced 2001
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Museum Domain Management Association
Sponsor Museum Domain Management Association (set up by International Council of Museums)
Intended use Museums
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Introduced 2001
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Museum Domain Management Association
Sponsor Museum Domain Management Association (set up by International Council of Museums)
Intended use Museums
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.pro
Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry RegistryPro
Sponsor none
Intended use Professionals such as physicians, lawyers, and accountants
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Introduced 2001
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry RegistryPro
Sponsor none
Intended use Professionals such as physicians, lawyers, and accountants
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.tel
Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Approved
Registry Telnic Limited
Sponsor Telname Limited
Intended use Telephone-based services as text alternative to phone numbers
Actual use Not yet available for use
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Introduced 2005
TLD type Sponsored top-level domain
Status Approved
Registry Telnic Limited
Sponsor Telname Limited
Intended use Telephone-based services as text alternative to phone numbers
Actual use Not yet available for use
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